Female Pathology

Question 1

What is turner syndrome?

Answer 1

Missing an X chromosome - 99% fatal at birth

Question 2

What is mosaicism, and w/ what disease is it mentioned w/?

Answer 2

Some cells have 2X chromosomes, some have 1

Turner Syndrome

Question 3

Clinical features of mosaicism

Answer 3

Short, webbed neck, short fingers and toes
Ovarian failure, low steroid hormone levels
Few 2nd sex characteristics
Osteoporosis
Normal intelligence, but have memory problems

Question 4

TX of turner syndrome

Answer 4

Growth hormone, estrogen, and progesterone

Can become pregnant, but would not ovulate normally

Question 5

PMS Syndrome S & S

Answer 5

Fatigue, insomnia, GI effects, headache, joint and muscle pain, tensions, irritability, mood swings

Question 6

PMDD and tx

Answer 6

Severe PMS, very disabling

diet, exercise, rest, possibly drugs

Question 7

Neoplasms of the vulva are what type of cellular abnormality?

Answer 7

Vaginal tumors are rare, but female genital tract malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas

Question 8

Neoplasms of Cervix (2)

Answer 8

1. HPV

2. Cervical intraepithelal neoplasia (CIN)

Question 9

Types of CIN and which to treat

Answer 9

1. Low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LSIL) - observe
2. HSIL - treat

Question 10

Progression of HPV

Answer 10

High-risk HPV –> LSIL –> HSIL –> Invasive Carcinoma

Question 11

Bacteria Associated w/ vaginitis

Answer 11

1. Candida Albicans

2. Trichonomas Vaginalis - protozoan parasite - green discharge

Question 12

Disorders of the Uterus?

Answer 12

Endometritis
Endometriosis
Neoplasmas

Question 13

Clinical features of endometritis

Answer 13

May result in PID

Fever, abdominal pain, menstruation abnormalities, infertility

Question 14

Etiology of Endometriosis

Answer 14

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endomyometrium
Etiology: endometrium is sloughed off and leaves through fallopian tube, bleeds w/ mestrations, lots of inflammation that contribute to the discomfort

Question 15

Chocolate cyts

Answer 15

ectopic endometrium cyccles, blood clots in the cysts, get adhesions if blood leaks
- scars oviducts, would cause infertility, pain, dysmenorrhea

Question 16

Neoplasms of uterous

Answer 16

1. Endometrial Carcinoma - endometroid is most common form
2. Leiomyoma
3. Leiomyosarcoma

Question 17

Endometrial Carcinoma CF

Answer 17

1. Scarring of fallopian tubes
2. Abdominal pain
3. Dysmenorrhea
4. 90% 5yr survival if detected early
   Malignant

Question 18

Leiomyoma CF

Answer 18

Most common benign tumor of females, high in AA

Asymptomatic, but maybe bleeding/infertility

Question 19

Leiomyosarcoma CF

Answer 19

malignant, arises on its own

Question 20

Fallopian Tube disorders

Answer 20

Salpingitis

Adenocarcinoma

Question 21

Salpingitis CF

Answer 21

Inflammation, associated w/ PID

Fever, pain, infertility

Question 22

Adenocarcinoma w/ fallopian tubes

Answer 22

difficult to detect

Seeding is a problem

Question 23

Ovary Disorders

Answer 23

Cysts
Polycystic Ovarian Disease
Neoplasms

Question 24

CF of Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Answer 24

Oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, infertility

Question 25

Neoplasms of ovaries risk factors

Answer 25

1. Nulliparity, family history, mutations w/ BRCA1/2

Question 26

Features of Surface epithelial tumors w/ ovarian neoplasms

Answer 26

1. Serous - most common - most benign
2. Mucinous - 80% benign
3. Endometriod - most malignant

Question 27

Features of Germ Cell tumors w/ ovarian neoplasms

Answer 27

Teratomas - 20% ovarian tumors - 90% benign

Question 28

Disorders of pregnancy

Answer 28

Ectopic Pregnancy

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Question 29

Gestational trophoblastic disease

Answer 29

1. Abnormal growth of placental cells - produce HCG
2. Hydatidiform Mole - arises from abnormal fertilization (2 sperm blocked ovum)
   - partial (maybe birth) , complete = no fetus

Question 30

Gestational Choriocarcinoma

Answer 30

Most arise from chorinoic epithelium, spreads before its detected, but easily treated w/ chemo