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Patho Physiology - Exam 1 > Adrenal Gland > Flashcards

Adrenal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A

Cortex
Outermost
Mineralcorticoids

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2
Q

Zona Fasiculata

A

Cortex
Middle, thickest
Glucocorticoids

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3
Q

Zona Reticularis

A

Cortex
Innermost
Androgens

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4
Q

Medulla Hormones

A

Epi (80%)

Ne (20%)

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5
Q

Cortex Hormones

A 
Glucocorticoids - Cotisol
Mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone
Adrenal Androgens (precursors) - DHEA
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6
Q

Chromaffin Cells

A
  1. Receive input from preganglionic neurons
  2. Contain secretory granules
  3. Release into circ when stimmd
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7
Q

What is epi release stimmed by? (3)

A

Low blood glucose
Stress
Cold temp

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8
Q

Organs effected by epi

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Liver
  3. Skel M
  4. Adipose tissue
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9
Q

Effect of epi on pancrease

A

Incrase Glucagon Release

Decrease Insulin Release

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10
Q

Effect of epi on liver

A

Increase Gluconeogenesis, increase glycogenolysis

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11
Q

Effect of Epi on Skel M

A

Increase Glycogenolysis

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12
Q

Effect of Epi on Adipose Tissue

A

Increase Lipolysis (increase FFA)

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13
Q

General Effect of Epi on body

A

Mobilize energy storage (increase Glucose)

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14
Q

Disorders of Adrenal Medula (2)

A
  1. Pheochromocytoma

2. Neuroblastoma

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15
Q

Pheochromocytoma Signs and Symp

A

HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, anxiety

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16
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A 
Tumor of medulla
Releases EPI
Rare
Mostly: Adreanl gland, benign, unilateral
Surgical Removal (don't squeeze)
17
Q

Signs and Symp of Neuroblastoma

A

Abdominal Mass, fever of UKO, weight loss

18
Q

Prognosis of Neuroblastoma

A 
All malignant (50% arise in adrenals)
3yr Old = 10&
May undergo spontaneous remission or turn into ganglionneuroma
19
Q

FXN of Cortisol

A

withstand chronic stress and prolonged fasting

20
Q

Effects of Cortisol

A

Metabolism - increase blood glucose, increase bmuscle protein, reduction in bone formation
Stress - Vas Smooth Mus responds to vasoconstrictors
Anti-inflammatory at high Conc, immunosuppressive

21
Q

Effects of mineralcorticoids

A

Aldosterone - increase Na reabsorption and loss of potassium in Kindneys

22
Q

Adrenal Androgens Function

A

DHEA and Androstenedione are precursors to testosterone
Men: none
Women: effects of ovarian androgens (libido, axillary and pubic hair)

23
Q

Disorders of Cortex (3)

A
  1. Chronic Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency - Addison Disease
  2. Cushing Syndrome
  3. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
24
Q

Addison Disease, what is it and what causes it

A
  1. Most common autoimmune disorder where cortex is destroyed, low glucort and mineral cort
  2. Mostly caused by Autoimmune adrenalitis (70%), TB, tumors
25
Q

Addisons Symptoms

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Weakness
  3. Hyperpigmentation - High ACTH = no feedback inhibition, melanocyte stim hormone is similar to ACTH
  4. Hyperkaliema and hyponatremia
  5. HTN
  6. Can’t withstand stress
26
Q

Cushings, what is it and what causes it

A
  1. Too Much glucocort, high plasma glucocort for any reason

2. Iatrogenic (95%) - releated to therapy that requires steroid tx

27
Q

Endogenous cases of Cushings

A
  1. Corticotroph Adenoma
  2. Adrenal Adenoma
  3. Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. Ectopic ACTH - secreting tumor
28
Q

Signs and Sympt of Cushings

A
  1. Central Obesity (buffalo hump), moon face, weakness/fatiuge, abdominal striae
29
Q

Adrenal Cortical changes w/ cusings

A
  1. Hyperplasia (high plasma cortisol, ACTH is high)
  2. Atrophy - when tumor in adrenal itself, spontaneously produces cortisol, low ACTH from feedback inhibition (ACTH needed to maintain adrenal cortex)
30
Q

What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and what causes it?

A
  1. Dificeincies in enzymes that make steroids in adrenal cortex, back up of precurosrs, low Gluco cort, high ACTH, hyperplasia
  2. Genetic disorder affecting steroid synthetic enzyme
31
Q

What are signs and symp of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A

Masculinizaation in children
Hirsutism and oligomenorrhea in women
Oligospermia in men

Patho Physiology - Exam 1 (5 decks)

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