1. Receive input from preganglionic neurons 2. Contain secretory granules 3. Release into circ when stimmd

Adrenal Gland Flashcards by Adam Lysak

Zona Glomerulosa

Cortex
Outermost
Mineralcorticoids

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Zona Fasiculata

Cortex
Middle, thickest
Glucocorticoids

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Zona Reticularis

Cortex
Innermost
Androgens

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Medulla Hormones

Epi (80%)

Ne (20%)

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Cortex Hormones

Glucocorticoids - Cotisol
Mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone
Adrenal Androgens (precursors) - DHEA

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Chromaffin Cells

Receive input from preganglionic neurons
Contain secretory granules
Release into circ when stimmd

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What is epi release stimmed by? (3)

Low blood glucose
Stress
Cold temp

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Organs effected by epi

Pancreas
Liver
Skel M
Adipose tissue

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Effect of epi on pancrease

Incrase Glucagon Release

Decrease Insulin Release

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Effect of epi on liver

Increase Gluconeogenesis, increase glycogenolysis

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Effect of Epi on Skel M

Increase Glycogenolysis

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Effect of Epi on Adipose Tissue

Increase Lipolysis (increase FFA)

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General Effect of Epi on body

Mobilize energy storage (increase Glucose)

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Disorders of Adrenal Medula (2)

Pheochromocytoma

2. Neuroblastoma

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Pheochromocytoma Signs and Symp

HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, anxiety

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What is pheochromocytoma?

Tumor of medulla
Releases EPI
Rare
Mostly: Adreanl gland, benign, unilateral
Surgical Removal (don't squeeze)

Signs and Symp of Neuroblastoma

Abdominal Mass, fever of UKO, weight loss

Prognosis of Neuroblastoma

All malignant (50% arise in adrenals)
3yr Old = 10&amp;
May undergo spontaneous remission or turn into ganglionneuroma

FXN of Cortisol

withstand chronic stress and prolonged fasting

Effects of Cortisol

Metabolism - increase blood glucose, increase bmuscle protein, reduction in bone formation
Stress - Vas Smooth Mus responds to vasoconstrictors
Anti-inflammatory at high Conc, immunosuppressive

Effects of mineralcorticoids

Aldosterone - increase Na reabsorption and loss of potassium in Kindneys

Adrenal Androgens Function

DHEA and Androstenedione are precursors to testosterone
Men: none
Women: effects of ovarian androgens (libido, axillary and pubic hair)

Disorders of Cortex (3)

Chronic Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency - Addison Disease
Cushing Syndrome
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Addison Disease, what is it and what causes it

Most common autoimmune disorder where cortex is destroyed, low glucort and mineral cort
Mostly caused by Autoimmune adrenalitis (70%), TB, tumors

Addisons Symptoms

1. Fatigue 2. Weakness 3. Hyperpigmentation - High ACTH = no feedback inhibition, melanocyte stim hormone is similar to ACTH 4. Hyperkaliema and hyponatremia 5. HTN 6. Can't withstand stress

Cushings, what is it and what causes it

1. Too Much glucocort, high plasma glucocort for any reason | 2. Iatrogenic (95%) - releated to therapy that requires steroid tx

Endogenous cases of Cushings

1. Corticotroph Adenoma 2. Adrenal Adenoma 3. Adrenal Hyperplasia 4. Ectopic ACTH - secreting tumor

Signs and Sympt of Cushings

1. Central Obesity (buffalo hump), moon face, weakness/fatiuge, abdominal striae

Adrenal Cortical changes w/ cusings

1. Hyperplasia (high plasma cortisol, ACTH is high) 2. Atrophy - when tumor in adrenal itself, spontaneously produces cortisol, low ACTH from feedback inhibition (ACTH needed to maintain adrenal cortex)

What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and what causes it?

1. Dificeincies in enzymes that make steroids in adrenal cortex, back up of precurosrs, low Gluco cort, high ACTH, hyperplasia 2. Genetic disorder affecting steroid synthetic enzyme

What are signs and symp of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

Masculinizaation in children Hirsutism and oligomenorrhea in women Oligospermia in men