Bone Pathology

Question 1

Dysotses

Answer 1

abnormalities in a single bone or group of bone

absence, additional, fused bones

Question 2

Dysplasias

Answer 2

abnormalities in bone or cartilage organogenesis

Question 3

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 3

type 1 collagen disorders - not enough bone, weak skeleton

Question 4

Type 1 Osteo Im

Answer 4

Normal life span
Increased incidence of fractures, conductive hearing loss
Dentinogen imperfecta

Question 5

Type II Osteo Im

Answer 5

Fatal, too weak

Question 6

Type III Osteo Im

Answer 6

Variable , could be severe

Dentinogenesis imperfecta could be present

Question 7

Type IV Osteo Im

Answer 7

Moderately Severe

Question 8

Achondroplasia

Answer 8

Most common form of dwarfism, disproportionate body structure

Question 9

Cause of Achondroplasia

Answer 9

FGFR3 inhibits proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes
Receptors is inappropriately activated
Hereditary and spontaneous

Question 10

Osteopetrosis

Answer 10

Characterized by defective bone resorption, stone bone, disorder of resorption, too rigid, bone becomes brittle and fracture

Question 11

Osteoporosis causes and characteristics

Answer 11

Reduction in total bone mass
Risk Factors: dietary calcium deficiency, females, age, physical inactivity, smoking/drugs
Tx: bisphosphanate drugs, PTH as drug, dietary Ca, exercise

Question 12

Osteomalacia causes and characteristics

Answer 12

Reduce bone mineralization, lose rigidity, more flexible
Rickets : bowing legs, low vit D3, flexible legs
TX: Vit D or D3

Question 13

Paget Disease

Answer 13

Ostetis Deformans (thick but weak bones) - big osteoclasts, disorganized osteoblasts
Bone has cotton wool appearance
TX: bisphosphanates

Question 14

Etiology of Paget

Answer 14

Unclear
3 Phases
1. Osteolytic - osteoclasts active
2. Mixed - clasts active w/ blasts but bone is weak
3. Osteosclerotic - thick but brittle bone

Question 15

Repair types of bone

Answer 15

1. Soft tissue callus - clot, 1 week, no strength
2. Bony Callus - 2/3 weeks, cartialge, thick
3. Remodeling - thin out and back to normal

Question 16

Osteonecrosis characteristics

Answer 16

Bone death
High in Trabecular bone
Causes: fracture, corticalsteroids, thromboembolic disease, vascular disease
Signs: pain, collapse of infarcts, osteoarthritis

Question 17

Osteomyelitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of bone associated w/ infection
Pyogenic
Tuberculosis

Question 18

Pyogenic osteomyleitis

Answer 18

Hematogenous (most common) - extension of adjacent infection, traumatic implantation
Morpho: adults = pelvis/vertebrae
Children = long bone
Fever, pain, malaise

Question 19

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis

Answer 19

Rare, secondary to pulm TB

Question 20

Sequestrum

Answer 20

Fragment of necrotic bone

Question 21

Abscess

Answer 21

In tissue, over necrotic bone, drain through skin

Question 22

Clinical features of osteoma

Answer 22

bone forming benign tumor of bone
Head and neck
Cosmetic
Not malignant

Question 23

Osteosarcoma

Answer 23

Bone forming malignant tumor
Young people
long bone/knee
painful enlarging mass
70% survival

Question 24

Osteochondroma

Answer 24

Cartilage forming tumor
Around epiphysis, knee, bony stalk
When person is growing, slow

Question 25

Chondroma

Answer 25

``` Cartilage forming tumor Benign Hands and feet (enchondromas = w/in medulla) Ollier's disease - multiple tumors on one side of the body ```

Question 26

Chondrosarcoma

Answer 26

Malignant Pelvis, hip, shoulder Painful, shiny 90% survival

Question 27

Ewing Sarcoma

Answer 27

Small, round tumor, young pt Malignant Long bones, tx w/ chemo 80% 5 yr survival

Question 28

Common types of caner that metastasize to bone?

Answer 28

Prostate, breast, kidney, lung

Question 29

Common sites of metastasized caner to bone

Answer 29

Axial skeleton, proximal femur, humerous

Question 30

Osteoarthritis

Answer 30

Degenerative joint disease Most comon joint disorder, inevitable w/ age Age 50: noise, joint popping, limited motion, pain

Question 31

Osteoarthritis morphology

Answer 31

Chondromalcia: soft cartilage Fibrillation: surface of cartilage becomes fibrous and irregular Osteophytes: bone spur Pannus: thickened synovium

Question 32

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 32

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder: joints destroyed 1% of population

Question 33

Morphology of RA

Answer 33

Effects extremeties: hands/feet Pannus: prevelant in RA Ankylosis Starts in adolescence