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Patho Physiology - Exam 1 > Bone Pathology > Flashcards

Bone Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Dysotses

A

abnormalities in a single bone or group of bone

absence, additional, fused bones

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2
Q

Dysplasias

A

abnormalities in bone or cartilage organogenesis

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3
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

type 1 collagen disorders - not enough bone, weak skeleton

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4
Q

Type 1 Osteo Im

A

Normal life span
Increased incidence of fractures, conductive hearing loss
Dentinogen imperfecta

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5
Q

Type II Osteo Im

A

Fatal, too weak

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6
Q

Type III Osteo Im

A

Variable , could be severe

Dentinogenesis imperfecta could be present

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7
Q

Type IV Osteo Im

A

Moderately Severe

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8
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Most common form of dwarfism, disproportionate body structure

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9
Q

Cause of Achondroplasia

A

FGFR3 inhibits proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes
Receptors is inappropriately activated
Hereditary and spontaneous

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10
Q

Osteopetrosis

A

Characterized by defective bone resorption, stone bone, disorder of resorption, too rigid, bone becomes brittle and fracture

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11
Q

Osteoporosis causes and characteristics

A

Reduction in total bone mass
Risk Factors: dietary calcium deficiency, females, age, physical inactivity, smoking/drugs
Tx: bisphosphanate drugs, PTH as drug, dietary Ca, exercise

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12
Q

Osteomalacia causes and characteristics

A

Reduce bone mineralization, lose rigidity, more flexible
Rickets : bowing legs, low vit D3, flexible legs
TX: Vit D or D3

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13
Q

Paget Disease

A

Ostetis Deformans (thick but weak bones) - big osteoclasts, disorganized osteoblasts
Bone has cotton wool appearance
TX: bisphosphanates

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14
Q

Etiology of Paget

A

Unclear
3 Phases
1. Osteolytic - osteoclasts active
2. Mixed - clasts active w/ blasts but bone is weak
3. Osteosclerotic - thick but brittle bone

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15
Q

Repair types of bone

A
  1. Soft tissue callus - clot, 1 week, no strength
  2. Bony Callus - 2/3 weeks, cartialge, thick
  3. Remodeling - thin out and back to normal
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16
Q

Osteonecrosis characteristics

A

Bone death
High in Trabecular bone
Causes: fracture, corticalsteroids, thromboembolic disease, vascular disease
Signs: pain, collapse of infarcts, osteoarthritis

17
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone associated w/ infection
Pyogenic
Tuberculosis

18
Q

Pyogenic osteomyleitis

A

Hematogenous (most common) - extension of adjacent infection, traumatic implantation
Morpho: adults = pelvis/vertebrae
Children = long bone
Fever, pain, malaise

19
Q

Tuberculous Osteomyelitis

A

Rare, secondary to pulm TB

20
Q

Sequestrum

A

Fragment of necrotic bone

21
Q

Abscess

A

In tissue, over necrotic bone, drain through skin

22
Q

Clinical features of osteoma

A

bone forming benign tumor of bone
Head and neck
Cosmetic
Not malignant

23
Q

Osteosarcoma

A 
Bone forming malignant tumor
Young people
long bone/knee
painful enlarging mass
70% survival
24
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Cartilage forming tumor
Around epiphysis, knee, bony stalk
When person is growing, slow

25
Q

Chondroma

A 
Cartilage forming tumor
Benign
Hands and feet
(enchondromas = w/in medulla)
Ollier's disease - multiple tumors on one side of the body
26
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant
Pelvis, hip, shoulder
Painful, shiny
90% survival

27
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

A

Small, round tumor, young pt
Malignant
Long bones, tx w/ chemo
80% 5 yr survival

28
Q

Common types of caner that metastasize to bone?

A

Prostate, breast, kidney, lung

29
Q

Common sites of metastasized caner to bone

A

Axial skeleton, proximal femur, humerous

30
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease
Most comon joint disorder, inevitable w/ age
Age 50: noise, joint popping, limited motion, pain

31
Q

Osteoarthritis morphology

A

Chondromalcia: soft cartilage
Fibrillation: surface of cartilage becomes fibrous and irregular
Osteophytes: bone spur
Pannus: thickened synovium

32
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder: joints destroyed 1% of population

33
Q

Morphology of RA

A

Effects extremeties: hands/feet
Pannus: prevelant in RA
Ankylosis
Starts in adolescence

Patho Physiology - Exam 1 (5 decks)

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