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Cardiopulmonary > Feline Cardiomyopathies > Flashcards

Feline Cardiomyopathies Flashcards

1
Q

When we think of feline heart disease, what age of cat are we usually concerned with?

A

3 months - 19 years (acquired heart disease)

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2
Q

What is the difference between cardiomyopathies and secondary cardiac disease?

A

q

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3
Q

Know incidence, signalment, and morphology for each cardiomyopathy, as well as what characteristics make them all similar

A

ok

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4
Q

Kow the stages of feline cardiomyopathies
History and CS
Dx
Tx

A

ok

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5
Q

Name five primary cardiomyopathies in the feline

A 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Unclassified cardiomyopathy (UCM)
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
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6
Q

What are the four main secondary heart diseases?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Hypertension
Heartworm disease
Acromegaly (too much growth hormone)

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7
Q

What are the morphologic characterisctics of HCM? (3)

A

Symmetric or asymmetric LV wall thickening (concentric hypertrophy)
Normal LV systolic function
LA enlargement

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8
Q

What are the consequences of HCM?

A

Dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction (systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve)
Myocardial infarction
Arrhythmias
Feline arterial thromboembolism

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9
Q

What are four non-cardiac causes for LV hypertrophy?

A

Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
Acromegaly
Dehydration - pseudohypertrophy

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10
Q

T/F: The main issue in HCM is the heart’s inability to contract

A

False; relax

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11
Q

What is systolic anterior mitral valve motion (SAM)?

A

The mitral valve is closed during systole, causing anterior motion of the valve (normally anterior in diastole)

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12
Q

What is the clinical significance of systolic anterior mitral valve motion?

A

Can cause murmurs and mitral regurgitation

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13
Q

What are the morphologic characteristics of DCM? (2)

A

Dilation of 2 or 4 chambers ( L> R, V>A)

Systolic dysfunction of one or both ventricles (fractional shortening)

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14
Q

What is the history of cats with DCM? (3)

A

Taurine deficiency
Arrhythmias
Feline arterial thromboembolism

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15
Q

T/F: Systolic dysfunction is common in primary DCM

A

False; common when secondary to chronic volume overload, ischemic heart disease, and myocarditis

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16
Q

What biomarker should be checked when LV systolic is present?

A

Serum cardiac Troponin I

17
Q

What are the morphologic characteristics of restrictive cardiomyopathy? (4)

A

Asymmetric LV wall thinning with or without dilation
Mildly decreased LV systolic function (FS)
Biatrial enlargement/dilation (LAE)
Severe LV diastolic dysfunction - restrictive filling

18
Q

What is often in the history of cats with RCM? (3)

A

Arrhythmias
Myocardial infarction
Feline arterial thromboembolism

19
Q

What occurs in restrictive cardiomyopathy? (2)

A

Diffuse LV endocardial fibrosis

Myocardial fibrosis causing progressive LV diastolic dysfunction

20
Q

What are two secondary causes of RCM?

A

Amyloidosis

Storage disease

21
Q

In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart can ___ (constrict/relax) but not ___ (constrict/relax)

A

Constrict

Relax

22
Q

What are morphologic characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?

A

RA and RV dilation (severe loss of muscle)

RV systolic dysfunction

23
Q

What is in the history of cats with ARVC?

A

Mildly reduced LV systolic dysfunction
Arrhythmias (ventricular rather than supraventricular)
+/- Thromboembolism

24
Q

What are morphologic characterisctics of unclassified cardiomyopathy? (2)

A

LA and/or RA enlargement/dilation

LV diastolic dysfunction

25
Q

What are three major signs of L CHF in cats?

A

Pulmonary edema
Pleural effusion
+/- Pericardial effusion

26
Q

What is the best way to Dx CHF?

A

Echo (thoracic rads are good too)

27
Q

If this structure is visible on rads, consider something other than heart failure

A

Caudal vena cava

28
Q

Other than rads, what are two useful diagnostic tools in CHF?

A 
Therapeutic challenge (treat and see)
NT-pro BNP
29
Q

If NT-pro BNP is greater than ___, significant heart disease is possible, though CHF is not likely at the time

A

100

Cardiopulmonary (12 decks)

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