Cardiophysiology

Question 1

Volume in liters pumped by the left ventricle each minute

Answer 1

Cardiac output

Question 2

The four valves insure blood always flows forward; the AV valves do so during ___ while the semilunar valves do so during ___

Answer 2

Systole

Diastole

Question 3

What is the normal pressure at which the right ventricle pumps?

Answer 3

22-30mmHg

Question 4

What is the pressure of the left ventricle at rest?

Answer 4

120mmHg

Question 5

What is the pressure of both ventricles during diastole?

Answer 5

> 12mmHg, usually close to 0

Question 6

Increasing blood or plasma volume elevates pressure in the ___ circulation before the ___ circulation

Answer 6

Pulmonary

Systemic

Question 7

Pulmonary vascular resistance occurs at what three levels?

Answer 7

Arterioles
Capillaries
Left atrium

Question 8

What are the pressures of pulmonary circulation in systole and diastole?

Answer 8

22-30mmHg systolic

8-12mmHg diastolic

Question 9

What are the pressures of systemic circulation during systole and diastole?

Answer 9

110-140mmHg systolic

70-80mmHg diastolic

Question 10

Persistently elevated systemic arterial pressure is called ___ and indicates ___ or ___

Answer 10

Hypertension
High systemic vascular resistance
High cardiac output

Question 11

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 11

CO= SVxHR

Question 12

What is the equation for flow (Ohm’s law)?

Answer 12

Flow= Pressure difference/resistance

Question 13

What is the equation for blood pressure?

Answer 13

BP=COxSVR (systemic vascular resistance)

Question 14

What is the continuity equation?

Answer 14

CSA1xV1=CSA2xV2 (CSA=cross sectional area)

Question 15

Beta 1 agonists (Epi, etc.) make the heart faster, quicker, and stronger. What does this mean?

Answer 15

Increase chronotropy (heart rate)
Increase lusiotropy (calcium reuptake)
Increase inotropy (contractility)