Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary > Equine Respiratory Surgery > Flashcards

Equine Respiratory Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 differentials for a horse with epistaxis?

A

Ethmoid hematoma
Guttural pouch mycosis
Ventral straight muscle rupture
Trauma/fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 3 differentials for a horse with nasal discharge?

A

Primary sinusitis
Tooth root abscess (secondary sinusitis)
Guttural pouch empyema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Horses cannot hemorrhage fatally from guttural pouch mycosis

A

False; roughly 50% that hemorrhage do so fatally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four spaces of the equine head we are concerned with in respiratory Sx?

A

Oral cavity
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
guttural pouches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four meatuses and which one do we want the NG tube to go into?

A

Dorsal (Can hit ethmoid and cause hemorrhage)
Ventral (NG)
Common
Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the six paranasal sinuses and which one connects directly to the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary (connects to nasal cavity)
Frontal
Shpenopalaine
Dorsal, middle, and ventral conchal sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Tooth issues can sometimes present as sinus issues

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three mains signs associated with sinus problems?

A

Facial swelling
Nasal discharge
Abnormal percussion of the sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the best diagnostics to aid in determining the best course of action when sinus dz present?

A

Radiography

Endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does fluid in the sinuses appear on radiographs?

A

Increased opacity

Fluid line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does one see drainage in the middle nasal meatus?

A

Nasomaxillary Aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the five most common surgical diseases of the sinuses?

A 
Sinusitis
Ethmoid hematoma
Sinus cyst
Fractures
Neoplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common disease of the sinus causing discharge, what are the two types, and how are they treated?

A

Sinusitis
Primary infection - Irrigation and systemic abx
Tooth root abscess - Tooth removal and flushing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Ethmoid hematomas often metastasize

A

False; they are benign but locally invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are ethmoid hematomas treated?

A

Trans-endoscopic intralesional formalin injections

Surgical removal via bone flap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: Sinus cysts are not visible radiographically

A

False

17
Q

T/F: Sinus cysts removed surgically often results in a poor outcome

A

False; outcome is usually good with surgical intervention

18
Q

T/F: Neoplastic lesions are often extensive at time of diagnosis and have poor prognosis

A

True

19
Q

What are the six most important anatomical landmarks of the guttural pouch?

A 
Stylohyoid bone
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Maxillary artery
Ventral straight muscles
Mucosal fold containing glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves
20
Q

What are five surgical diseases of the guttural pouch?

A 
Tympany
Empyema
Mycosis
Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
Rupture of the ventral straight muscles
21
Q

What is guttural pouch tympany and how is it treated?

A

Developmental failure of GP depression resulting in elastic, non-painful swelling of the parotid region; may be unilateral or bilateral
Unilateral - establish an opening in the septum between the tympanic and normal GP
Bilateral - establish openings through the flap in the pharyngeal wall

22
Q

How does guttural pouch empyema develop and what are three associated signs?

A

Young horses develop it secondary to URT infections (Strangles)
Intermittent to continuous nasal discharge
Parotid swelling and pain
+/- Dyspnea

23
Q

What is a chondroid?

A

Mass of inspissated pus in the guttural pouch

24
Q

How are chondroids treated?

A

NSAIDS
Lavage with physiologic solution
Systemic abx if indicated by culture/sensitivity
Sx to remove inspissated pus and chondroids

25
Q

What are the four surgical approaches to the guttural pouch?

A

Hyovertebrotomy
Viborg’s triangle
Whitehouse approach
Modified Whitehouse

26
Q

What is the most common sign of guttural pouch mycosis?

A

Epistaxis

27
Q

What are signs related to CN IX-XII damage in regards to guttural pouch mycosis?

A

Horner’s syndrome
Dysphagia
Dyspnea

28
Q

T/F: Cranial nerve damage associated with guttural pouch mycosis tends to resolve

A

False; it is permanent

29
Q

What are five treatment options for guttural pouch mycosis?

A

NSAIDs to reduce inflammation (usually too slow)
Blood transfusions and IV for shock
Nutritional support for dysphagia
Vascular occlusion to mitigate bleed risk
Sx
Vitamin E/Selenium given for nerve damage

30
Q

Which three arteries may be a source of guttural pouch bleed?

A

Internal carotid
External carotid
Maxillary

31
Q

How should guttural pouch vasculature be occluded?

A

NOT ligation (circles of Willis)
Balloon catheter
Transarterial coil embolization

32
Q

How does temporohyoid osteoarthropathy arise? What cranial nerves does it affect?

A

Secondary to inner/middle ear infection, associated with fusion of the temporohyoid joint
CN VII and VIII

33
Q

How is temporohyoid osteoarthropathy treated?

A

NSAIDS
Styloid ostectomy
Ceratohyoidectomy

34
Q

What is seen on endoscopy with ventral straight muscle rupture?

A

Collapse of pharynx
Blood clot
Arteries intact
No diphtheritic membrane

35
Q

How do horses generally rupture the ventral straight muscles?

A

Falling over backwards

36
Q

How is ventral straight muscle rupture treated?

A 
Stall rest for 30d
Elevated feed and water
Broad-spectrum abx
NSAIDS
Follow-up exams

Cardiopulmonary (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions