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CHEM112 > feeds and feeding exam 3 > Flashcards

feeds and feeding exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

when are pigs weaned. what is the average with pig weaning? and what is the trend with pig weaning?

A

Pigs are weaned at 14-21 days and separated from other pigs. Pigs are on an average weaned around 3 weeks. This has become earlier and earlier over time

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2
Q

what is one of the most important things to contribute to a pigs success? late weaned pigs ____?

A

Getting piglets on good-quality feed quickly is important. late weaned pigs never catch up

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3
Q

why is in important to get piglets on good-quality feed quickly and use ____ nutritional management

A

-precise
-increases feed intake and rate of gain
-Maximizes lean growth potential (more muscle)
-Decreases risk of enteric and other disease

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4
Q

what is true about growth during first few weeks?

A

Growth during first week influences whole life growth

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5
Q

What can decrease diarrhea in piglets. why?

A

eating more. When parasite/bacteria gets to high in gut we get sick, so increasing feed intake flushes bacteria out.

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6
Q

what kind of diet to pigs need in the first two weeks?

A

Pigs in first 2 weeks after weaning need complex feed (different textures/ingredients) to drive growth, performance, and health

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7
Q

what is the adg growth goal of piglet?

A

ADG = 0.8-0.9 lb/day

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8
Q

what is the health preformace goal of piglet?

A

<2% mortality

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9
Q

what is the fg growth goal of piglet?

A

F:G 1.55-1.75. takes 1.55 lbs of feed to gain 1 lb of body weight

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10
Q

what is the feed cost goal per pig for nursery phase and how much is it per lb of gain

A

~$10/pig for nursery phase
$0.24/lb gain

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11
Q

what is the purpose of weaning pigs at 14-21 days and separated from other pigs. what is the result

A

-Reduces vertical disease transmission from sow to pig
-isolation from older pigs reduces horizontial disease transmission (pig to pig). results in healthy pigs with good growth preformance

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12
Q

What can a nutritional program for Early-Weaned Pigs include?

A

high level of milk products
high level specialty protein sources
Dried whey and lactose
Animal plasma
Fish meal
Blood meal
Just enough fat for a pellet

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13
Q

what is true about the types of food used in diets for early weaned pigs?

A

-$$
-complex

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14
Q

what happens to milk and plant digestibility over time?

A

-Milk protein digestibility decreases over time. Plant protein digestibility increases over time. Diet should shift accordingly.

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15
Q

what is phase feeding?

A

Animal is fed according to what it needs for its age

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16
Q

advantages of phase feeding?

A

-Maximum performance
-Reduced cost
-Minimize over-feeding and under-feeding
-Minimized nutrient excretion

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17
Q

distanvatage of phase feeding?

A

more labor/skill

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18
Q

feed budget is ___ pounds per pig and is fed until pig is between ___ pounds

A

5lb/pig
11-15lb

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19
Q

all monogastrics are generally ___ fed

A

phase

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20
Q

why can we take pigs away from their mother sooner

A
  1. better genetics
  2. better tech use in management
  3. better nutrition, can formulate a more accurate diet
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21
Q

phase one has ___ lactose ranging from __ to __.

A

High lactose- 20-22%

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22
Q

phase 1 uses high specialty protein sources such as:

A

. spray dried animal plasma, blood meal, fish meal

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23
Q

phase one uses __ to __ precent fat for ____only, uses little ____ meal, and is high in ___ ____

A

3-5% fat for pelleting only
Little soybean meal (<18%)
High in amino acids- 1.6-1.7% lysine

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24
Q

first __ days after weaning is most crucial

A

seven

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25
Q

milk and specialty proteins are expensive their inclusion should be _____ as digestive capability _____

A

reduced, increases

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26
Q

plant proteins are less expensive and their inclusion must be ____ gradually

A

increased

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27
Q

phase feeding is a compasrison between ___ and ___

A

preformacne and cost

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28
Q

phase feeding involves

A

feeding several diets for short periods of time

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29
Q

phase two diet is fed from ____ to ___ lbs of body weight

A

15 to 25

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30
Q

what is the feed budget of a pig in phase 2. what is the level of animo acids?

A

15 lbs/ pig. 1.45 to 1.55 precent

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31
Q

phase 2 diet ___ level of lactose. ___ level of specialty protein sources.

A

lower level of lactose 7 to 10. lower.

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32
Q

soybean meal ____ to ___ to ___ precent of diet in phase 2

A

increases, 20 to 22 precent of diet.

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33
Q

fat level in phase 2 is _ to _ precent usually fed in ___ form

A

1 to 3, meal form.

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34
Q

in phase two pigs eat a larger volume of feed but what is true about lysine level.

A

eats larger volume of feed but lysine level goes down due to amount of lysine ate or included in the diet

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35
Q

overall key ingredents in phase 1 and 2? why?

A

-spray dried whey this is high quality and edible grade. provides highly digestable milk sugars and proteins
-spray dried plasma protein, spray dried blood meal, fish meal- highly digestiable amino acid sources, all three stimulate feed intake and ADG

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36
Q

phase three diet is fed from __ to __ pound body weight and the feed budget is ___ lbs per pig

A

25 to 50, feed budget is 50 lbs/pig

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37
Q

in phase three there is NO….the diet is ___ and ____ meal based.

A

lactose or speciality protein sources. corn and soybean meal based.

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38
Q

in phase three there is an _____ level of animo acids ranging from

A

intermediate 1.35 to 1.45 precent lysine

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39
Q

in phase three there is ____ total ____ but…

A

higher total lysine but precent goes down cause they are eating more stuff

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40
Q

phase three is more expensive because?

A

the pigs are eating much more

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41
Q

____ diets increase feed intake during the first two weeks

A

complex

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42
Q

what is the process of feeding a developing gilt and how should it be done. what happens at 180 days.

A

Developing gilts should be fed for moderate lean growth up to a body weight of 250 lbs in 180 days then should be limit feed to reach 300lb for breeding

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43
Q

for breeding herd of pigs what should be the precent of ca and p

A

Ca and P should be 125-150% compared to slaughter pigs

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44
Q

what should happen to gilts for twp weeks prior to breeding, which means? what are the reasons for flushing?

A

Gilts should be ‘flushed’ for 2 weeks prior to breeding meaning increasing a gilt’s feed intake before her first mating.
1. Energy intake increased 50-100%
2. May improve ovulation rate and # pigs/litter

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45
Q

overfeeding gilts can impact?

A

Overfeeding gilts can negatively impact mammary development

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46
Q

Overview of Feeding Gilts and Sows during Gestation:
over and under feeding have _____ effects.
energy requirments ___ with ____ ____

A

Under and over feeding have negative effects
Energy requirements scale with body weight

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47
Q

how should sows be fed?

A

Sows should be fed to avoid excessive fatness but allows her to feel satiated

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48
Q

what are the side effects of overfeeding sows

A

Increased feed costs
Increased embryonic mortality
Decreased sow longevity
Decreased feed intake during lactation

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49
Q

what are the side effects of underfeeding sows?

A

Decreased piglet birth weights
Decreased milk production
Decreased piglet survival
Poor re-breeding
Increased sow mortality

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50
Q

feeding can be based on ___ condition. these two things are subjective:

A

Visual estimate of feed
amt fed can vary among caretakers

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51
Q

feeding. can be based on body ___ -_____/_____ _____. It is _____ and there is less ____ in pigs. to test carcass compostion can use _____ tools over ____ ____

A

body weight/backfat thickness
subjective
less variation
can use Ultrasonic tools over last rib to predict fat and muscle

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52
Q

What does feeding sows properly do?

A

sets the stage for optimum milk production,
strong growth performance by piglets
successful rebreeding as time goes on, piglets are bigger and are more/litter

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53
Q

when managing lactation nutrition:
sows should?
intake of what two things drives milk production and positively effects subsequent rebreeding?

A

-sows should eat as much as possible
-Energy and amino acid intake drives milk production and positively affects subsequent rebreeding
Lysine improves milk yield, esp with high energy

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54
Q

what does added dietary fat increase and is it a substitute for poor intake?

A

Fat is not a substitute for poor intake.
Added dietary fat increases milk production and milk fat
as well as lightweight pig survivial in below average herds, but not really in managed herds

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55
Q

what does high starch intake in sows do?

A

HIgh starch intake stimulates repro hormone secretion

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56
Q

what are the two roles of lysine in mothering pigs?

A

to maximize milk production
to minimize sow weight loss and maximize repro performance

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57
Q

how should feeding be managed? (feed intake and diet formulation for mother pig and piglets)

A

Feed intake maximized
Diets should be formulated to meet requirements based on litter size and projected weaning weight

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58
Q

How many times should sows be fed daily? sow should be ______. what part of feeding sows is vital? 2 anwsers. what kind of feeding systems may be used?

A

Sow should be fed 2-3, preferably 3 times/day. comfortable. record keeping and caretaker skill.
Automatic feeding systems may be used

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59
Q

when are broilers and roasters killed?

A

Broilers - 0-6 weeks
Roasters - up to 9

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60
Q

when are turkey roasters killed?

A

14-22 weeks

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61
Q

poultry digest _____. They do not have issues with ____ do to: no taste buds and __ ___ ____

A

starch
Do not have issues with palatability due to no taste buds and
Non-tactile tongue.

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62
Q

why are chickens bred?

A

Bred for more meat, growth rate, and eggs

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63
Q

how is feed intake adjusted in poultry? poultry has ____ feed efficiency.

A

adjusted to meet energy needs. excelent.

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64
Q

poultry have a feed to gain ratio of?

A

1.9:1

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65
Q

how many days does it take from hatching to have poultry in your freezer?

A

42-49 days of age

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66
Q

birds excrete ____ ____?

A

uric acid.

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67
Q

birds need what two things in diet because they excrete uric acid?

A

Need arginine in diet
Need glycine in diet, as uric acid production requires it

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68
Q

birds excreate ___ ___ and mammals excreate ___.

A

uric acid, urea.

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69
Q

what two elements are highly needed in bird diets and why?

A

Ca and P requirements high
Egg shell
Rapid bone growth

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70
Q

what are the goals when producing chickens?

A

Meet requirements for meat/eggs
Minimize costs, maximize efficiency
Minimize wet litter output
Minimize negative environmental effects because chickens produce lots of N and P

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71
Q

meat chickens are produced by and have ___ growth.

A

Rapid growth
Tyson foods, Pilgrim’s Pride, Perdue Farms

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72
Q

what is the feed cost when producing broiler chickens?

A

Feed costs 60-70% of cost

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73
Q

how do you maximise breast meat in birds?

A

High amino acid intake
Maintain calorie:lysine ratio
Minimize abdominal fat deposition

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74
Q

what does high amino acid intake do in birds

A

Maximize gain and carcass characteristics

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75
Q

what does maintaining a good calorie:lysine level do in birds?

A

provides Energy to drive protein synthesis
As energy changes, amino acids should too

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76
Q

how do you minimize abdominal fat deposition in birds?

A

alter energy to amino acid ratio close to slaughter

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77
Q

how does muscle mass affect changes ADFI, ADG, and nutrient requirements per bird

A

more mass, more amino acid requirement

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78
Q

what factors infuence ADFI, ADG, and nutrient requirments per bird?

A

Muscle mass, gender, genetics, age, temp, and pellet quality

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79
Q

how does age affect changes ADFI, ADG, and nutrient requirements per bird

A

requirements for amino acids, Ca and P decrease and the requirement for energy increases close to market weight

80
Q

how does temperature affect changes ADFI, ADG, and nutrient requirements per bird

A

may need more energy if temp isn’t ideal

81
Q

how does gender affect changes ADFI, ADG, and nutrient requirements per bird

A

males have more muscle mass

82
Q

how does pellet quality affect changes ADFI, ADG, and nutrient requirements per bird

A

intake decreases if poor quality

83
Q

What is the importance of reducing particle size in chickens? needs to be ___ (+/-) microns.

A

Reducing particle size improves starch digestion
800+ microns
Can be finely ground as long as birds have larger particle

84
Q

what does feed form need to be like? to crumbl pellets the pellets need to ____ and ____.

A

Firm enough to not break apart
firm and rolled

85
Q

pellet ____ effects ____. Broilers fed ___ ____ expend less _____ for ____. Therefore there is more dietary energy for ____ ____.

A

Pellet quality affects energy
Broilers fed high quality expend less energy for feeding. More dietary energy available for productive purposes.

86
Q

Factors affecting feed efficiency:

A
  1. pellet quality
  2. particle size
  3. feed form
87
Q

what are the amino acid requirements for broilers in order of most limiting?

A

1.Methionine
2.Lysine
3.Threonine
4.Isoleucine

88
Q

in amino acid requirments for broilers there are ___ real __ requirements.

A

No real CP requirement

89
Q

what is methionine added to in birds?

A

Methionine is usually added to corn-soybean meal diets

90
Q

why is AA cysteine high in birds?

A

used for feathers

91
Q

can Synthetic amino acids can be used in broiler diets?

A

yes.

92
Q

Methionine and cysteine are ___ containing AA.

A

sulfur. there “spare” each other biologically.

93
Q

what is the glycine requirements in broilers or birds?

A

Uric acid cycle needs 1 mol glycine for every 1 mole uric acid.

94
Q

how many diets are fed during a 6 week grower finisher? and what are they?

A

In US, 3-4 diets are fed during 6 week growing period:
Starter
Grower
Finisher

95
Q

how many eggs do laying chickens have a year?

A

~265 eggs/year - more than 10x body weight

96
Q

laying hens are ___ than broilers?

A

smaller

97
Q

laying chickens begin laying at?

A

18-20 weeks of age

98
Q

what is the most common laying hen?

A

Single-comb white leghorn

99
Q

in comparision to broilers egg laying chickens?

A
  1. have Low protein requirment compared to broilers
    2.Low in energy requirment compared to broilers
  2. need higher CA
  3. have lower processing costs
100
Q

laying chickens dont need as much protein as broilers because? animal by products and excess waste are __.

A

they rely on vegetable proteins and synthetic AA.
rare.

101
Q

laying chickens are lower in energy comapred to broilers becuase they have lower __? they prefer ___ ____ acids.

A

Low fat
Unsaturated fatty acids preferred

102
Q

processing and feed costs are lower in laying hens because what do you feed them?

A

Mash, not pellets. although they need a lot of CA limestone is cheap.

103
Q

what happens in egg laying chickens if there is low ca?

A

Little Ca, poor egg shell quality, reduced production, cage fatigue

104
Q

what happens to bulk density of ca in chickens?

A

Bulk density of Ca is much higher than other dietary ingredients, so it gets left behind, esp given diet has little fat

105
Q

why is ___ ___meal not fed in laying hens? (color)

A

Gossypol forms complex with iron
and turns the yoak Olive-colored

106
Q

why is ____ meal, ____ meal, and ___ oil not fed in laying hens (taste.)

A

Trimethylamine leads to off-flavored eggs. fish oil also causes off flavored eggs.

107
Q

what pigments are reponsible for the yellow/orange color in chicken yoaks? pigment is not an issue when?

A

Carotenoid pigments.
breaking plants/mayo

108
Q

what natural pigment is added to chicken feed to increase yellow color?

A

Xanthophyll

109
Q

what are the three ways xanthophyll is added to chicken feed?

A
  1. Alfalfa - 220mg/kg xanthophyll and 143mg/g lutein
  2. Corn gluten meal - 290mg/kg xanthophyll and 120mg/kg lutein
  3. Marigold petal meal - 7,000mg/kg xanthophyll
110
Q

when are eating turkeys harvested?

A

14-14 weeks (hens) and 17-22 weeks (males) at 40-50lb

111
Q

how many pounds do feeding turkeys gain per week? what is the feed to gain ratio?

A

2.0-2.2lb/weekl, F:G of 2.5-2.8

112
Q

how many diets are eating turkeys phase fed in?

A

Phase fed 6 diets according to body weight: 0-4,5-8,9-11,12-14,15-17,17+

113
Q

how much cp do turkeys that will be ate need?

A

CP of 16-26%

114
Q

what are the first two limiting AA in turkeys? however ___ requirments are also high?

A

Methionine and cysteine first limiting - 0.6-1.05%. Lysine requirements are high - 1-1.7%.

115
Q

what is added to the starter in eating turkeys?

A

Arginine added to starter

116
Q

eating turkeys have to be fed?

A

crumbl wont eat mash

117
Q

Poults have low? therefore they need to do what?

A

liver glycogen when hatched. start eating feed quickly.

118
Q

what deficiencys are common in turkeys (6)?and what can they cause?

A

vitamin E.

Ca, P, Mg, Vitamin D, several B-vitamins-Rickets and leg-weakness common

119
Q

what can high concentrations of ___ or growing to fast cause?

A

Ascites - fluid buildup in the peritoneum

120
Q

the pet industry has_____ as time goes on.

A

It has increased over time. 68 precent of households have pets.

Larger than toy and candy industry

121
Q

what are the 5 big pet food industrys?

A

Mars
Nestle
Iams
Hill’s
Del Monte

122
Q

what kinds of specialty pet foods are there?

A

Weight control, urinary health, dental health, odor control, joint health, dermatitis

123
Q

types of pet feed based on age?

A

Juvenile
Adult
Senior

124
Q

what are distingusihing caracteristics about pet food?

A

Quality control
Quality
Ash (mineral) content
Research/development
Marketing
Protein characteristics
Cost

125
Q

common features in pet food?

A

Not least-cost
Know little about nutrient requirements
Generally exceed requirements

126
Q

in marketing high quality animal protien like steak is on the bag but ususally it is meal like…

A

High quality animal protein
Meal, like poultry, meat/bone, or offal,

127
Q

vitamins in pet feed?

A

Full range, even if not much is known
Exceed requirements

128
Q

what are unique ingredients in pet food?

A

Lamb, rice, barley

129
Q

in pet food there is an inclusion of _____. such as:

A

Nutraceuticals
Omega 3s, glucosamine, chondroitin

130
Q

specialty brands in pet food have:

A

high profit margins

131
Q

concerns about feed in livestock:

A

ADG
F:G
Food production
Cost of production

132
Q

concerns about feed in pet food:

A

Quality of life
Coat appearance
Stool volume
Longevity
Disease prevention
Wellness

133
Q

livestock vs. companion animals energy requirments)

A

Most livestock have high energy requirements, but companion animals have relatively low requirements

134
Q

what factors affect nutrient requirement in compansion animals (5 things)

A

Activity Level
Gender - intact vs neutered
Genetics
Health
Life stage

135
Q

what does nutrient excess in companion animals cause?

A

organ failure and bone abnormalities

136
Q

what does nutrient deficiences in compansion animals cause?

A

result in bone abnormalities, dermatitis, and decreased immune function

137
Q

what are issues with companion animals that are based on life stage of pet?

A

Development Orthopedic Disease
Progressive Renal Disease
Dental Disease
Obesity (more likely if neutered)

138
Q

why is body size a nutrient consideriation when picking out a diet for companion animals?

A

Function of Body Size
Large animals produce more heat/unit of body weight and surface area

139
Q

____ ____ is considered when picking out feeds that match a companion animals nutrient requirement. this is more important in dogs.

A

body shape.

140
Q

what do fatty acids do in pet foods? seven things.

A

1.High energy reduces nutrient excretion
2. help Hair and coat
3. help Nervous tissues
4. help Platelet aggregation
5. Prevention of mineralization of kidneys
6. Brain/retina function
7. Short-chain fatty acids improve gut health

141
Q

what does dietary fiber do in pet foods? three things.

A

1.Satiety
2. Management of Diarrhea and Constipation
3. Absorbs or adds moisture
4. Management of Blood Sugar
(Controls diabetes mellitus)

142
Q

why is use of dietary fiber limited in pet feeds?

A

Dietary fiber is poorly digested, so use is limited

143
Q

protein used in companion animal feeds have high levels of what and low amounts of what?

A

High % of amino acids
Low ash content to avoid high P
Mineralization of kidneys if too high

144
Q

why is ash content low in companion animal protien sources?

A

Low ash content to avoid high P
Mineralization of kidneys if too high

145
Q

canned protien sources for pets are?

A

Highly digestible and functional for canned

146
Q

what type of vitamans are used most in pet feeds ___ ____. and why.

A

Over-fortified: Vitamins
A,E, and C for immune system function and rapid muscle growth

147
Q

ca and p are?

A

Ca and P for bone growth

148
Q

what is the importance of low Na?

A

for blood pressure and heart maintenance

149
Q

what is the importance of low mg in animal diets?

A

minimize kidney problems

150
Q

why type of crystals can occur in urine due to vit/minerals in mostly young animals?

A

Ammonium Phosphate crystals realted to struvite crystals. Calcium

151
Q

In young dogs/cats, diets may be acidic and low in mg to prevent

A

struvite and ammonium phosphate cyystals.

152
Q

what is done in older dogs/cat to prevent calicum oxlate cyrstals?

A

Older dogs/cats, diet pH is increased and increased Mg to prevent

153
Q

why types of crystals are seen in older dogs/cats?

A

Calcium Oxalate crystals in urine seen in oxlate crystals,

154
Q

large dog breeds are prone to?

A

skeltal problems.

155
Q

for large breeds what is reduced in mineral nutrition ? why?

A

Low Fat, energy to slow growth and
Ca reduced to slow joint/bone growth

156
Q

compare ash and plant protein?

A

Protein:ash is generally better in plant proteins, but digestibility and AA profiles not as good

157
Q

what AA in essential in cats?

A

Taurine is an essential amino acid that is near-exclusive to meat

158
Q

deficiency of taurine in cats causes?

A

Cardiomyopathy
Retinal structure problems
Insufficient bile salt production
Repro failure

159
Q

For cats At least __ of dietary protein should be from animals

A
  1. use lower plant protein.
160
Q

plant protein is less ___ (two things) and has no ___. plant

A
161
Q

good protiein source for compantion pets?

A

ash

162
Q

what types of supplements are fed in dogs and cats and why?

A

Glucosamine and chondroitin are fed for cartilage and relieve pain (arthritus)

163
Q

factors that influence forage quality?

A

1.Plant Maturity (nutrient quality decreases as plant matures)
2. forage type
3. parts of plant (Leaves more nutritious)
4.Selection
Animals select parts they prefer

164
Q

what is the most nutricious part of a plant in forages?

A

leaves

165
Q

what is the most abudant carb

A

Cellulose most abundant carb

166
Q

how many acres of land is used for forages?

A

~34 billion acres land
40% native pasture

167
Q

C4 vs C3 plants? three things are greater and one is less

A

C3 plants generally have
More protein
Greater protein digestibility
Greater energy availability
BUT
Less fiber and lignin

168
Q

when are c4 plants growing vs when are c3 plants growing?

A

Cool-Season (C3) vs Warm-Season (C4)
Compared to C4 plants, C3 plants generally have
More protein
Greater protein digestibility
Less fiber and lignin
Greater energy availability

169
Q

what are forbes?

A

Broad-Leafed, Non-Woody Plants

170
Q

compared to grasses forbes have ___ protein. _____ protein digestibility ___ lignin ____ fiber. ____ is simular.

A

More protein
Better protein degradability
Less fiber but more lignin
Similar energy

171
Q

what are Non-legumes?

A

Not associated with symbiotic rhizobia
Do not fix atmospheric nitrogen
Most native

172
Q

what are the three pros and one con with Legumes?

A

Rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen
Increase soil fertility
Can be native
Can cause bloat

173
Q

what types of plants are browse?

A

woody plants, leaves from shrubs/trees.

174
Q

browse plants _____ nutrient quaility _____. are preffered by ___ ____ but cattle graze. they are leaves

A

Preferred by wild ungulates, but cattle graze
Maintain nutrient quality better

175
Q

are growing and finishing barns for pigs different?

A

no

176
Q

what drives protein sythesis?

A

Energy drives protein synthesis. Muscle also does this, but you need both.

177
Q

young animals are in a _____ dependent state of growth. old animals ____.

A

Young animals are in an energy dependent state of growth. Older animals are protein dependent.

178
Q

how to find appropriate lysine levels for finishing pigs? when lysine level is changed what else needs to be changed?

A

perform consecutive trials using dose titration. When lysine level is changed, other amino acids need to be to.

179
Q

in early finishing pigs 77-135 what is true about the lysine requirment?

A

In early finishing, there is only a small performance penalty when lysine is slightly below requirement

180
Q

for pigs 220-270 lb what is true about the lysine requirment?

A

Severe performance penalty when lysine is slightly below the requirements

181
Q

lysine requirment is influenced by ___ intake. more ___ more lysine needed.

A

Lysine requirement is influenced by energy intake- More energy, more lysine is needed.

182
Q

what types of genetic pigs need greater energy?

A

Genetic lines with greater potential for lean growth require more energy to drive protein synthesis

183
Q

Effect of Fat on Pig ADG

A

Effect of fat decreases as potential for lean growth decreases

184
Q

Effect of Fat on Pig Carcass Lean

A

Effect of fat decreases as potential for lean growth decreases

185
Q

what does the growth curve look like in pigs?

A

Growth curve is of bone, then muscle, then fat

186
Q

Adding Fat to finishing diets
Energy drives growth

A

Energy drives growth

187
Q

Additional energy is needed to drive muscle growth when?

A

Pigs are young
Pigs have enhanced genetic or gender potential for lean growth

188
Q

Care must be taken to increase __ ___ while maintaining fatratios.

A

animo acids

189
Q

what does Adding fat to finishing diets do to ADG and feed intake.

A

F:G increases, but only because they are eating less.

190
Q

when the bottom of a pigs feeder is filled with feed, feed is?

when the bottom of a pigs feeder is empty feed is?

A

When the bottom is completely covered with feed, it is wasted.
When it is empty, animals cannot eat and performance is reduced.

191
Q

how much of the pigs trough should be showing?

A

50 precent

192
Q

what is the pros and cons to water cups in pigs?

A

Water cups reduce waste of water, but contamination is possible

193
Q

Ractopamine (Paymine) is what?

A

Repartitioning agent

194
Q

when is paymine fed?

A

Approved for feeding pigs during their final 45-90lb of gain
4.5-9g/ton

195
Q

what does paymine do to pigs? four things is increased.

A

Increased weight gain
Improved feed efficiency
Improved carcass weight
Increased muscularity and percent carcass lean

CHEM112 (3 decks)

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