chem112exam1

Question 1

what is the def of a solution.

Answer 1

homogenous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 2

what is the solvent in aqueous solutions? what is the solute?

Answer 2

water. Solute is a solid liquid or gas.

Question 3

what is the def of solubility?

Answer 3

the amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

Question 4

what is true about two particles with opp. charges and their potiental energy?

Answer 4

Two particles with opp. charges (ex. proton and electron) move toward each other because their potential energy decreases as their seperation decreases.

Question 5

what is entropy?

Answer 5

a measure of energy dispersal or energy randominzation. the tendency to mix is related to entropy.

Question 6

what are the types of forces?

Answer 6

dipole-dipole, ion-dipole, hydrogen bond, dispersion.

Question 7

energy tends to?

Answer 7

spread out or disperse when not restrained from doing so. the reason two ideal gases mix.

Question 8

there are forces present between what in solution?

Answer 8

solute/solute, solvent/solvent, solute/solvent.

Question 9

what forms if solvent/solute interactions > solvent/solvent and solute/solute

Answer 9

solution

Question 10

what forms if solvent solute interactions are equal to solvent/solvent and solute/solute?

Answer 10

solution

Question 11

what forms if solvent/solute interactions < solvent/solvent and solute/solute?

Answer 11

if its a small difference a solution will form if its a big difference solution will not form.

Question 12

polar solvents tend to dissolve what?

Answer 12

polar and ionic solutes.

Question 13

nonpolar solvents tend to dissolve what?

Answer 13

nonpolar solutes.

Question 14

is methanol (CH3OH) more likely to be dissolvable in water or in a nonpolar solvent?

Answer 14

water. contains hydrogen bonding.

Question 15

when hydrogen bonds occur what other two forces will also occur?

Answer 15

disperson, dipole-dipole

Question 16

if a bond is ionic it is?

Answer 16

polar

Question 17

what kind of bonds occur between ionic (polar) compounds?

Answer 17

ion-dipole, dispersion

Question 18

what type of bonds occur between non polar covalent compounds?

Answer 18

dispersion.

Question 19

polar covalent compounds without hydrogen bonding have what kind of bonds?

Answer 19

dispersion, dipole dipole

Question 20

what is the def of a saturated solution?

Answer 20

a solution in which the dissolved solute is in equilibrium with the undissolved solid

Question 21

solubility of a substance?

Answer 21

how much it can dissolve before a solution becomes saturated. solubility increases with increasing temperature.

one factor is:
1. temp

Question 22

the soubility of a gas in liquid?

Answer 22

decreases with increasing temperature

Question 23

soubility _____ with increasing pressure and _____ with decreasing pressure?

Answer 23

increases, decreases

Question 24

a soultion is saturated with both a solid and a gas at 85 degree C what will happen if the solution is cooled to 5 degree C

Answer 24

some solid will precipitate out of the solution, becuase the solbility of a solid decreases when temperature decreases.

Question 25

what is molarity

Answer 25

moles solute/liters solution

Question 26

what is a pure covalent bond

Answer 26

electrons are shared equally between the two atoms

Question 27

what is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 27

a chemical bond in which the bonding electrons are unevenly shared.

Question 28

electronegitivity increases as you go the right and up. floruine is the most electronegitive, francium is the least electronnegitive.

Question 29

breaking bonds _____ energy and is therefore _____ (pos or neg).

Answer 29

absorbs, positive. The bonds broken from the reactant in the product side is positive.

Question 30

is breaking bonds endo or exothermic and why?

Answer 30

endothermic. energy is adsorbed to break bonds.

Question 31

forming bonds is endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 31

exothermic. releases energy.

Question 32

forming bonds ___ energy and is therefore _____ (pos or neg)

Answer 32

releases, neg. the amount of bonds formed in the product side is negitive.

Question 33

what increases with increasing molar mass as long as other factors remain constant?

Answer 33

Boiling point.

Question 34

what is the dipole dipole force

Answer 34

the positive end of one force is attracted to the neg. end of another force.

Question 35

dipole dipole forces occur in all polar molecules and usually have a higher _____ and _____ point than non polar molecules with the same _____ _____

Answer 35

boiling and melting. molar mass.

Question 36

hydrogen bonds (intermolecular forces) are present in all ___ molecules that contain H bond directly to __, ___, or __.

Answer 36

polar. F,N,O.

Question 37

hydrogen bonds increase the what within a molecule?

Answer 37

melting and boiling point realitive to others with simular molar mass.

Question 38

what is the transition from liquid to gas?

Answer 38

vaporization.

Question 39

what is the transition from gas to liquid called?

Answer 39

condensation.

Question 40

rate of vaporization usually increases with?

Answer 40

• increasing temp
  -increasing surface area
• decreasing strength of intermolecular forces

Question 41

rate the vaporiztion is equal to?

Answer 41

the pressure of gas in dynamic equalibrium with its vapor pressure.

Question 42

colligitive properties depend on what?

Answer 42

the number of particles dissolved in a soultion.

Question 43

what are the colligitive properties?

Answer 43

1. vapor pressure lowering
2. freezing point depression
3. boiling point elevation
4. osomotic pressure

Question 44

what is osomotic flow and pressure?

Answer 44

Osmotic flow: flow of a solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
Osmotic pressure: the pressure required to stop osmotic flow.

Question 45

what is true about a strong electrolye solution?

Answer 45

an electrolye solution produces more of an effect on collgitive properties than a non electrolye solution of the same molar concentration.

Question 46

strong electrolyes _____ in solution to produce a greater number of ______ particles

Answer 46

dissociate. dissolved.