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Sem 3: Nutrition > Feeding specific groups - EP > Flashcards

Feeding specific groups - EP Flashcards

1
Q

1 cup of ________ can be supplemented in the diet of performance horses to replace 3-4 cups of concentrate

A

Fats / oils

** takes 2-3 months to adapt

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2
Q

Older horses should have a BCS of _______ prior to winter

A

4-6

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3
Q

What makes up an ideal diet for aged horses?

A
  1. Palatable
  2. Easily digested/ masticated
  3. REMOVE COMPETITION
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4
Q

True or False: Starved horses should immediately be put on a high quality diet

A

FALSE - start low and go slow

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5
Q

Result of giving a starved horse a high quality, high concentrate diet?

A

Refeeding syndrome - fatal increase in blood insulin, cardiac and resp failure

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6
Q

Feeding requirements for a starved horses?

A

Start on LOW glycemic index

  • Introduce roughage only @ 50-75% of maintenance (based on current BW)
  • Gradually increase over 10 days to maintenance
  • Increase up to 125%
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7
Q

What horses are more at risk for EMS?

A

YOUNG, obese horses

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8
Q

How to treat EMS?

A

LOW glycemic index diet

  • NO grass pasture
  • Exercise IMPT
  • If EMS is controlled, horse can graze using a grazing muzzle and should go out in the morning when NSC are low
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9
Q

What horses are more at risk for PPID?

A

OLD, obese horses

  • Morgans and ponies
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10
Q

CS associated with PPID?

A
  1. PU/PD
  2. Abnormal fat distribution
  3. Laminitis
  4. Hirsutism- abnormally long hair coat
  5. Lethargy
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11
Q

PPID can also be referred to as?

A

Equine Cushings dz

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12
Q

How to feed a horse with PPID?

A
  1. Low glycemic index diet
  2. Forage diet
  3. Avoid pasture with high NCS (in evening)
  4. Soak hay to decrease NCS
  5. Small frequent meals
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13
Q

___________ is a life threatening condition with a 56% survival rate

A

Hyperlipemia

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14
Q

What horses are at risk for hyperlipemia?

A
  1. Ponies
  2. Donkeys
  3. Miniature horses
  4. Pregnant / lactating females
  5. Obesity
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15
Q

Easiest way to diagnose hyperlipemia?

A

Collect blood, put in EDTA purple top tube, observe cloudy/fatty sample to diagnose

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16
Q

How to feed a horse with hyperlipemia?

A
  1. Enteral nutrition if appetent - palatable foods
  2. ** Tube feeding liquefied pelleted complete feeds + alfalfa pellets in a “slurry”
17
Q

What is not suggested for treatment of a horse with hyperlipemia?

A

Do not terminate pregnancy, thats stressful

Do not wean / take away baby from mom - stressful!

18
Q

CS associated with hyperlipemia? (9)

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Colic
  4. Pyrexia
  5. Encephalopathy
  6. Depression
  7. Weakness
  8. Abortion
  9. Rapid weight loss
19
Q

What are the developmental orthopedic diseases?

A
  1. Physitis
  2. Angular limb deformities
  3. Flexural deformities
  4. Osteochondorsis & OCD
  5. Cervical vertebral malformation
20
Q

Key factors thought to be involved in DOD? (7)

A
  1. Rapid growth
  2. Diet imbalance - hypernutrition
  3. Cu and Zn deficiency
  4. Stress or trauma (too much exercise @ young age)
  5. Hormonal factors - Hyperinsulinemia
  6. Unbalanced Ca:P ratio
  7. Genetic disposition
21
Q

What is the most common DOD in Thorough breds?

A

Physitis / Epiphysitis

22
Q

How to treat physitis?

A
  1. REST
  2. Decrease nutritional plane - roughage only
  3. Supplement Ca or P depending on ratio
23
Q

What is carpal valgus?

A

Lateral deviation of carpus

** angular limb deformity

24
Q

What is fetlock varus?

A

Medial deviation of fetlock

** angular limb deformity

25
Q

How to treat angular limb deformities?

A
  1. Stall confinement / Rest
  2. Trimming / Shoeing
  3. Sx if needed
26
Q

How can horses acquire flexural limb deformities?

A
  1. Rapidly growing foals
  2. Excessive energy intake after previous inadequate energy
27
Q

How to treat flexural limb deformities?

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Shoeing
  3. Sx : Desmotomy or Tenotomy
28
Q

____________ is a condition that is seen by fragments of bone lesions on xray

A

Osteochondorsis & OCD

29
Q

CS associated with OCD?

A

Lameness +/- effusion

30
Q

Treatment for OCD?

A

Arthroscopy

Make sure mom horse has adequate nutrition

31
Q

What DOD can cause worse CS when the neck of a horse is extended?

A

Cervical vertebral malformation - becomes wobbly

32
Q

When should colostrum be consumed?

A

First 12 hours

33
Q

How to treat esophageal obstruction?

A

Nasal tube lavage, feed soaked, oatmeal like feed

34
Q

How to decrease cribbing from occurring?

A

Feed more hay/roughage, increase exercise

35
Q

Concerns associated with cribbing?

A
  • Epiploic foramen entrapment from aspirating air
  • incisor wear
36
Q

How to float teeth?

A

Maxillary: buccal surface

Mandibular: lingual surface

37
Q

What is quidding?

A

Dropping food while eating

38
Q

When should a horse with PPID be put out on pasture?

A

** Early morning (Low NSCs) **

Sem 3: Nutrition (7 decks)

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