Block 1: Applied Animal Nutrition, Feedstuffs and Nutrients - Dr. French

Question 1

_________ has no provision for storage and must be provided through diet

Answer 1

Proteins + AA’s

Question 2

___________ must be consumed to replace N loss

Answer 2

Dietary protein

Question 3

How is the biological value of protein determined?

Answer 3

By the essential AA content

Question 4

Processing of proteins ________ the digestibility and quality

Answer 4

LOWERS

Question 5

What non-protein nitrogen is contained in feedstuffs that can distort the crude protein estimate?

Answer 5

1. Ammonia
2. Urea
3. Nitrate
4. Nitrite
5. Purines
6. Pyrimidines

Question 6

_______ is toxic to animals and distorts crude protein estimate

Answer 6

MELAMINE

Question 7

What clinical signs do you expect to see in an animal taking an excess protein diet?

Answer 7

Increased fecal odor

*** bc excess protein is a substrate for bacT fermentation

Question 8

What are AA used for?

Answer 8

1. Tissue protein synthesis
2. Biosynthetic pathways
3. Deamination

Question 9

What is the primary energy source for ruminants?

Answer 9

Forage

Question 10

What is taurine and why is it important?

Answer 10

AA

** essential for cats
- present only in free form

IMPT for:
- CNS
-Heart
-Ocular
-Repro

Question 11

What are supplemental proteins for ruminants?

Answer 11

1. Soybean meal
2. Blood meal
3. Feather meal
4. Fish meal
5. Dehydrated alfalfa

Question 12

As body fat increases with the age of the animal, protein accretion _________

Answer 12

DECREASES

Question 13

Young animals have higher _____ requirements than older animals

Answer 13

AA

Question 14

What is the importance of Arginine?

Answer 14

• Key intermediate in urea cycle

** cats sensitive to deficiency

Question 15

What is the importance of Glutamine/Glutamate?

Answer 15

• Key role in TCA cycle
• Production of antioxidant glutathione

Question 16

What are the clinical signs of Calcium deficiency?

Answer 16

1. Milk fever
2. Lethargy
3. Weak bo-nes
4. Poor growth

Question 17

What can lead to Calcium deficiency?

Answer 17

1. Acid or sandy soils
2. Grazing rapidly on growing grasses or cereals
3. High grain supplementation

Question 18

What can lead to Phophorus deficiency?

Answer 18

1. Grazing on low P soils
2. Grazing on low quality dead grass with LITTLE TO NO LEGUME

Question 19

What are the clinical signs associated with phosphorus deficiency?

Answer 19

1. Slow growth
2. Decreased appetite
3. Listlessness
4. Poor fertility

Question 20

______ is stored in the skeleton and is generally poorly remobilized

Answer 20

Magnesium

Question 21

What are the clinical signs of Magnesium deficiency?

Answer 21

1. Muscle spasms
2. Trembling
3. Nervousness
4. GRASS TETANY - death

Question 22

What can cause magnesium deficiency and grass tetany?

Answer 22

Grazing on lush pastures with HIGH K+

Question 23

What aids in reducing the likelihood of magnesium deficiency?

Answer 23

Adequate fiber, Na+ intake, and energy

Question 24

What macronutrient is important in sheep nutrition as it is needed for wool production?

Answer 24

Sulfur

Question 25

What is a result of zinc deficiency in males?

Answer 25

Decreased libido

Question 26

Deficiency in sulfur in sheep results in _________

Answer 26

1. Decreased wool production 2. Lack of crimp 3. Poor fleece

Question 27

_________ is a micro mineral that plays a key role in carb, protein, and lipid metabolism and improves immune function

Answer 27

Chromium

Question 28

_______ is a micro mineral that plays a role as a precursor for synthesis of B12 by rumen microbes

Answer 28

Cobalt

Question 29

What causes cobalt deficiency?

Answer 29

1. Coastal soils 2. Calcium rich soils 3. Sandy soils 4. Excess lime/lush pasture growth

Question 30

What clinical signs are seen in cobalt deficiency?

Answer 30

1. Phalaris staggers 2. Ill thrift 3. Weepy eyes 4. Anemia 5. Infertility 6. Poor mothering

Question 31

Excess ___________ is the main factor associated with copper deficiency

Answer 31

MOLYBDENUM

Question 32

When black hair coat changes to red this is consistent with ___________ deficiency

Answer 32

Copper

Question 33

What are examples of nutrients?

Answer 33

1. Water 2. Carbs 3. Proteins 4. Fats/lipids 5. Minerals 6. Vitamins

Question 34

How is water quality measured?

Answer 34

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

Question 35

Water quality can be affected by ___________ (3)

Answer 35

1. Minerals 2. Nitrates 3. Bacteria (Ex: E.coli)

Question 36

How can digestible energy be calculated?

Answer 36

Gross Energy - fecal energy

Question 37

How can metabolizable energy be calculated?

Answer 37

Digestible energy (Gross energy - fecal energy) - urine + methane (gas) energy

Question 38

How can net energy be calculated?

Answer 38

Metabolizable energy - heat increment

Question 39

What is the outcome of a high carb intake?

Answer 39

1. High osmotic P 2. Abd distension 3. BacT overgrowth 4. Gas production

Question 40

What type of carbohydrate is used in prebiotics?

Answer 40

Oligosaccharides + Lactulose