feeding and nutrition Flashcards
what are the six major nutrients
protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and water
what is the function of protein
to build and repair muscles as well as maintaining structure
what is the function of carbohydrates
they are the main sources of energy
what is the function of fats
provides insulation and protection for vital organs
what is the function of minerals
they are the structural component of organs and tissue
what is the function of vitamins
assists growth, body development and reproduction/ other functions in the body
what is the function of water
regulated temperature, removes weight as well as providong cushoning for cells and body
what are unsaturated fats
fats which have single bonds in its structure
what are the functions of the digestive system
mechanical and chemical digestion of food
absorbing food
assimilation of products to maintain the body
eliminating solid waste
regulating body temperature
what is an example mechanical digestion
chewing
what is an example chemical digestion
enzymes breaking down food
what is ingestion
Taking food into the body
what is digestion
Breaking food into smaller units
what is absorption
Units pass into the bloodstream
what is excretion
Indigestible matter is removed from the body
what is a Monogastric Digestive System
a digestive system woth only one stomach and cannot digest cellulos but are adapted to eating grass
describe the small intestine
is long but has a narrow diameter. it is where digestion/ breaking down of food occurs
describe the large intestine
the large intestine absorbes any remaining water and nutrients befor sending waste products to the recum
what is a Hindgut Fermenter Digestive System
One chambers stomached animal, large caecum. Majority of digestion occurs in hindgut. they eat cellulos which will be digested in the stomach and then fermented in the small intestin wothout much of the nutrient being unlocked, it then travles into the cecum which unlockes the nutrients. to then be absorbed in the small intestin. or they then re- eat their excreation. the cellulos then goes back into the small intestin where it can be digested.
what is a Ruminant Digestive System
Four chambers stomached animal. Carry out rumination (chewing the cud).
how are Ruminant Digestive System adapted for digestion
they are adapted to digest cellulose
when does fermentation occur in a Ruminant Digestive System
Fermentation occurs before the small intestinein the specialised rumen
what is the Ruminate definition and process
Ruminants swallow food with little chewing. Later they will ruminate.
what are the four parts of the stomach in a Ruminant Digestive System
rumen, , omasium, reticulum and abomasum
what is the first chamber of the stomach in a Ruminant Digestive System
First chamber of the stomach is the rumen
Which animal has the largest stomach in relation to its digestive tract?
cow
Which animal has the largest small intestine in relation to its digestive tract
pig
Which is the only animal to have a crop?
hen
Which animal has the largest cecum in relation to its digestive tract?
horse
Which animal has the largest large intestine in relation to its digestive tract?
horse
What does a monogastric digestive system have?
1 simple stomach
What does a low pH do?
destroys most bacteria to break down and feed materials
Name three common concentrates
corn
Barly
Wheat
describe Incisor teeth
Chisel-like & sharp used for Biting & cutting tool
describe Canine teeth
Pointed, curved & long used for Killing prey & tearing flesh
describe Pre-molar & molar teeth
2 blunted points of cusps used for Crushing & grinding food
describe herbivore teeth
have teeth that are all simular shape and desighn
describe heterodonts teeth
have teeth that are all differnt sizes and designs
describe deciduous teeth
milk teeth that are replaced by a perminet set later
what teeth do herbivorios no have
canines
what does diastema mean
the gap between the front teeth and back teeth
what is an anate behaviour
an instinctive behaviour
what is Chemical digestion
the digestion which involves digestion enzymes
what is Mechanical digestion
Digestion via microorganisms that break down complex molecules into more simple smaller molecules
what is Biological digestion
Digestion via microorganisms to break down complex nutrients such as cellulose.
what is metabolism
The chemical processes in the body’s systems allowing for example, food to be utilised to make new cells and provide energy.
what is catabolism
Chemical reactions that break down molecules, either to extract energy or to produce simple molecules for constructing others. Glycogen à Glucose
what is Anabolism
Metabolic reactions that build or assemble more complex molecules from simpler ones. Glucose à Glycogen
what are compete foods
Nutritionally complete, provides all the nutrients in the amounts and proportions the pet needs.
what are complimentary foods
Food designed to be a part of the diet but do not meet the nutritional requirements when fed alone.
Must be fed with an additional food types like mixer biscuits for dogs, hay for rabbits, etc.
explain the Ruminant Digestive System
consists of 6 components: mouth, esophagus, 4 compartment stomach, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine.
what is the function of the Oesophagus
The oesophagus is a muscular tube. It connects your mouth to your stomach. When you swallow food, the walls of the oesophagus squeeze together. This moves the food down the oesophagus to the stomach. The upper part of the oesophagus is behind the windpipe (trachea).
what is the function of the Stomach
to store food and release it to the intestines at a rate whereby the intestines can process it. The stomach mixes the food and grinds it into a finely divided chyme that increases the surface area of the food in preparation for digestion.
what is the function of the Small intestine
to break down and absorb ingested nutrients while mixing and moving the intestinal contents
what is the function of the Caecum
the muscle tissue of the cecum contracts, causing the liquid products to churn. This churning extracts salts and electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium. These salts are then absorbed into the mucus membrane of the cecum.
what is the function of the Large intestine
The 4 major functions of the large intestine are: bacterial fermentation of indigestible materials. By the time partially digested foodstuffs reach the end of the small intestine, about 80% of the water content has been absorbed. The colon absorbs most of the remaining water.
