biology Flashcards
describe the Respiratory system
Takes in oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide. Allows the process of gaseous exchange.
describe the circulatory system
Circulates blood around the body transporting essential nutrients and gases to all tissues.
describe the Digestive system
Facilitates the taking in, breaking down and utilizing of nutrients. Excretes excess waste in solid form.
describe the Urinary system
Filters and cleans the blood removing waste products in the form of urine.
describe the Lymphatics system
Works in conjunction with the circulatory system to take lymphatic fluid and cells around the body to help fight infections.
describe the Endocrine system
Produces, stores and releases hormones which are messages sent around the body to affect a reaction.
describe the Nerves system
Sends electrical messages around the body to allow it to function, respond to emergencies and move around.
describe the Skeletal system
Provides a solid structure to the body, allowing support, protection and shape to the animal and its vital organs. Facilitates movement in conjunction with muscles, tendons and ligaments.
describe the Muscle system
Holds the entire body in place and allows movement by contracting and relaxing.
describe the reproductive system
the production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process
what are Turbinate bones
bones in the nose that Form narrow Passageways with a large surface area to heat and moisten the air before it enters the rest of the respiratory system
what are the two functions of the respiritory system
Gas exchange, pH regulation
What makes alveoli suited to gas exchange
They have a large surface area
They are one cell thick so it is easy for gases to diffuse across them
They are surrounded by capillaries, giving them an excellent blood supply
what makes a living organism
M
Movement
R
Respiration
S
sensitivity
N
Nutrition
E
Excretion
R
Reproduction
G
Growth
what is an open circulatory system
the circulatory system when the animal has a heart but the blood is left free in the body, there is no veins (left to find its way round the body.)
what is haemolymph
the equivalent to blood for arthropods and molluscs
what is closed respiritory system
vertebrates have closed circulatory system where blood is kept in blood vessels and piped around the body. Nutrients have to diffuse through the wall of the blood vessels to get to and from the body. (single circulatory system) (double circulatory system)
what is a single circulatory system
when a circluatory system has one ventricle and one atrium found in fish. Blood passes through the heart once per circuit. Two chambers in the heart.
what is a double circulatory system
found on mammals, birds reptiles and amphibians. Two circuits : pulmonary circuit (lungs) , systemic circuit (body). Four chambers 2 atria 2 ventricles
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart
describe the capillary network
1 cell thick network structure required for diffusion of oxygen nutrients and waste
describe veins
thin elastic muscular walls, large lumen contains valves carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
describe arteries
thick, elasticated muscular walls, small lumen no valves carry oxygenated blood to the body
what is an Arteriole
a small artery with connects to a capillary
what is the sinoatrial node
The sinoatrial node is the pacemaker of the heart,
how does the sinoatrial node work as a pacemaker or the heart
it spontaneously produces an electrical impulse. This electrical impulse travels through the heart via the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His and then the Purkinjean fibers causing the heart muscles to contract in a coordinated fashion.
.
which chamber of the heart is the sinoatrial node located in
right atrium
what is plasma
a liquid in the blood
what percentage of the blood in plasma
55%
what is a Erythrocyctes
a red blood cells
what is a key ingredient in hemoglobin
iron
what percentage of blood is iron
45%
what are Leukocytes
white blood cells
describe a red blood cell
carry oxygen, bio concave structure which gives a larger surface area. Has hemoglobin which carries oxygen no nucleus to make more room for hemoglobin)
what percentage of blood is white blood cells and platelets
less than 1%
decribe blood composition
55% acellular ( Not cells) + 45% Cellular (cells)