biology exam for wednasday

Question 1

what are the four functions of the respitory system?

Answer 1

Gas exchange

pH regulation

Create sound

Olfaction: smelling

Question 2

what are Turbinate bones?

Answer 2

Bones in the nose.

Question 3

what do turbinate bones do?

Answer 3

Form narrow passageways with a large surface area to heat and moisten the air before it enters the rest of the respiratory tract

Aids detection of odours.

Question 4

describe the structure of the respitory system

Answer 4

A hollow tube called the trachea, splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi, this leads to smaller tubes called bronchioles.The bronchioles end in clusters of small air sacs called alveoli. Alveoli are 1 cell thick and surrounded by blood vessels.

Question 5

describe the daptations of the avioli

Answer 5

Thin wall: One cell thick

Large surface area

Covered in capillaries

Question 6

describe the process of Gaseous exchange

Answer 6

Air is breathed in and oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to blood in the surrounding capillaries.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood in the capillaries to the alveoli.

The carbon dioxide is then breathed out.

Question 7

what are the six functions of the Skeletal System?

Answer 7

Support

Protection

Locomotion

Storage

Haemopoiesis

Homeostasis

Question 8

name the sections of the vertibrae

Answer 8

1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Caudal

Question 9

what is axil division of the skeleton?

Answer 9

runs from the skull to the tip of the tail

Question 10

what is Appendicular division of the skeleton?

Answer 10

the limbs and their attachments

Question 11

what are two first bines in the vertibrae and there function?

Answer 11

1st - Atlas has large area for muscle attachment to allow head to nod.

2nd - Axis allows head to rotate (turns head).

Question 12

what are pentadactyl limbs?

Answer 12

A common limb found in all tetrapods (animals with 4 limbs)

Question 13

name 5 pentadactyl limbs

Answer 13

Humerus
Radius and ulna
Carpals
5 metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 14

what are the 5 bone types?

Answer 14

Long

Short

Flat

Sesamoid

Irregular

Question 15

describe Sesamoid bones

Answer 15

A bone embedded within a tendon or muscle

Question 16

what components make up the endocrine system?

Answer 16

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovaries
Testes
Thyroid

Question 17

what is homeostasis?

Answer 17

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 18

what processes in the body does homeostasis controll

Answer 18

Glucose regulation
Thermoregulation
Osmoregulation
Blood pressure
Reproductive cycles

Question 19

what is glucose regulation?

Answer 19

Maintaining a consistent level of sugar in the blood

Question 20

what hormones are involved in glucos regulation?

Answer 20

Glucagon and insulin

Question 21

what are the two functions of the panreas?

Answer 21

Exocrine – secretes digestive juices into the digestive tract
Endocrine – makes hormones to control blood 
   sugar levels (an example of homeostasis)

Question 22

what happens if blood glucose is too high?

Answer 22

the pancrease releases insulin

Question 23

what happens if the blood glucose is too low

Answer 23

The pancreas produces glucagon
This stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release it into the blood as glucose
Blood glucose increases to normal levels

Question 24

describe how the ear works

Answer 24

Vibrations in the air are caught by the pinna and directed down the external auditory meatus

Vibrations reach the tympanic membrane, which vibrates

The vibrations move across the oval window

Once across the oval window, vibrations move through the perilymph, and then through the endolymph

Ripples in the endolymph stimulate the sensory hairs in the Organ of Corti

Impulses are sent to the brain, which interprets sound

Question 25

what is thermoregulation

Answer 25

Maintaining a constant internal body temperature independent from the environmental temperature

Question 26

what is an endotherm

Answer 26

Controls and maintains their own internal body temperature

Question 27

what is an Ectotherm

Answer 27

Relies on external heat sources

Question 28

where is body temperature sensed?

Answer 28

the hypothalomus in the brain.

Question 29

what are the three main section the brain is divided into?

Answer 29

Forebrain : cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalumus

• Midbrain – Reticular formation and neuron receptors
• Hindbrain – cerebellum, medulla and pons

Question 30

what does the Cerebellum control

Answer 30

Balance , co-ordination, locomotion

Question 31

what does the Pons control

Answer 31

respiration

Question 32

what does the Medulla control

Answer 32

Respiration, blood pressure , motor function

Question 33

what does the Thalamus control

Answer 33

pain receptors, touch, temperature sensation.

•Movement (locomotion).

Question 34

what does the Hypothalamus do

Answer 34

.•Intellectual and functional signals.

•Temperature regulation and osmoregulation

Question 35

what does the Limbic system control

Answer 35

Long term memory.

• Emotional behavior.
• olfactory senses (smell).

Question 36

what does the Reticular formation control

Answer 36

controls levels of consciousness, the sleep wake cycle

Question 37

what does the Neuron receptors do

Answer 37

Takes and processes information from sensory organs