Feeding And Digestive System Flashcards
What is suspension feeding?
Filter small particles out of water column
What is suction feeding ?
Open mouth, suck in food
What is ram feeding?
Open mouth, swim over food
What is Intertial-feeding?
inertia of food is used to move it in oral cavity
What is transport feeding?
movement of food within oral cavity
water current in aquatic
tongue in tetrapods
What is mastication?
physical reduction of food size by chewing
What is the outside in theory in tooth formation?
teeth comes from bony armour in early vertebrates, as jaws evolved and jaw moved inside the teeth moved inwards as well
What is inside out theory in tooth formation?
teeth originated in pharynx and progressed forward in the mouth
How is teeth useful?
mechanical digestion, SA for chemical digestions, grip food, puncture food for enzymes, mineral reservoir
What is polyphyodont ?
multiple generation of tooth replacement
What is diphyodont?
two sets of teeth, milk and permanent
What is monophyodont?
a single set of teeth
What is homodont?
teeth of similar shape along jaw
What is heterodont ?
teeth of different shape along the jaw
What is tooth plates?
fused teeth
What are the layer in tooth
Inner pulp- living, softer
middle cementum- living, bone like layer
outer dentine- harder
outermost enamel- doesn’t grow after tooth erupts
cusp- final layer
what consist of the mammalian tooth?
incisors, canines, premolars, molars
3 Types of teeth surface?
Bunodont: rounded peaks, generalized (ancestral)
Lophodont: cusps into drawn-out ridges. Rodents and perissodactyls; elephants
Selenodont: crescent-shaped cusps. Artiodactyls
What are three types of buccal cavities?
Lips, Palate, secondary palate
What muscle opens upper jaw?
Epaxial muscles
(Lateral pterygoid)
What muscles open lower jaw?
Hypaxial jaw
What muscle closes the jaw?
Adductor muscles
(Masseter, temporalis)
What are different accessory digestive glands?
Salivary glands, pancreas and liver
What is Epiglottis?
A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, used to cover the opening to trachea and ensure food is delivered correctly
What are functions of the stomach?
Mechanical and chemical digestions
What is the function of the small intestine?
Peristalsis, Enzyme secretions and selectively absorbing foods
What is the function of the large intestine?
re-absorb water
What is specialised in foregut fermentation?
Stomach
What is specialised in the hindgut fermentation?
Specialised caecum
What is ruminating?
Regurgitating for remastication
what are some examples of hindgut fermentation?
Rabbits, pigs, horses, elephants
Brachydont
Ancestral low-crowned teeth
Hypsodont
High-crowned, deep-rooted teeth for grazing (eg horses)
Diastema
Gap left between incisors and molars (eg horses)
