Feedback

Question 1

Intrinsic feedback

Answer 1

• From internal proprioceptors about the feel of the movement
• E.g. the feel of whether or not you have hit the ball in the middle of the but in a cricket shot
• Advantages: occurs as movement happens; performer doesn’t have to rely on anyone
• Disadvantages: cognitive learners unable to correctly interpret information

Question 2

Extrinsic feedback

Answer 2

• From external sources
• E.g. Coach saying ‘you should point your toes in the straddle jump’
• Advantages: leads to improvement as long as accurate
• Disadvantages: inaccurate can negatively affect performance; if source is unreliable, motivation can drop; doesn’t encourage kinaesthetic awareness

Question 3

Positive feedback

Answer 3

• Received after a successful movement
• E.g. Coach praising for performing a short serve correctly
• Advantages: lead to correct S-R bonds formed; extremely motivating; helps build self esteem and confidence
• Disadvantages: if undeserved, inappropriate S-R bonds formed and performance deteriorates; some may ignore it

Question 4

Negative feedback

Answer 4

• Received when a movement is incorrect
• E.g. Coach telling player her grip is incorrect for a forehand
• Advantages: some are motivated; clear improvements; best suited for autonomous learners
• Disadvantages: can be demotivating; can be detrimental to learning

Question 5

knowledge of results

Answer 5

• feedback about the outcome of our movement
• E.g. Observing whether the shot went in the basket
• Advantages: allows performer to see outcome of their action; can be motivating
• Disadvantages: may be demotivating if unsuccessful

Question 6

knowledge of results

Question 7

knowledge of performance

Answer 7

• Concerns the movement and the quality of it
• E.g. Coach telling player they have had exceptional footwork
• Advantages: allows performer to know what a good performance feels like; can be motivating
• Disadvantages: can be demotivating if unsuccessful