FEED ADDITIVES AND SUPPLEMENTS

Question 1

They are made of organic acid or mixture of organic acids. When
incorporated in the ration, they exert their effect on the gastrointestinal environment by lowering the stomach pH. Low stomach pH prevents the growth and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, thus, promoting better feed efficiency.

Answer 1

Acidifiers or Acidulants

Question 2

examples of acidifiers

Answer 2

phosphoric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid and acetic acid

Question 3

These are chemical products produced by microorganisms, which are added in the mixed feed at subtherapeutic level. These materials may increase growth rate and feed conversion in animals, but are potentially
harmful when improperly used.

Answer 3

Antibiotics

Question 4

Antibiotics examples

Answer 4

aureomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, virginiamycin, tylosin and
chlortetracycline

Question 5

These agents are used to improve the flowability of grains and feeds by preventing feedstuffs from adhering to surfaces, on the inside walls of silos, bins, conveying systems and mixers.

Answer 5

Anticaking Agents

Question 6

These are used in the prevention and treatment of malaria which include phyrimethamine and chloroquin diphosphate.

Answer 6

Antimalarials

Question 7

These are chemical preservatives added to the feeds to protect them from decomposition by microorganisms. The most common is propionic acid or its
salts, calcium and sodium propionate. Other organic acids that can inhibit mold growth are formic acid, sorbic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid.

Answer 7

Antimolds

Question 8

These are used to prevent rancidity in feeds. Feeds containing 12% or more moisture and feeds containing fat or oil should be added with anti oxidant.

Answer 8

Antioxidants

Question 9

The commonly used antioxidants

Answer 9

butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT),
santoquin, butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), propyl gallate, ethoxyquin, calcium carbonate, phosphoric acid and citric acid.

Question 10

These are administered to prevent and control coccidiosis.

Answer 10

Coccidiostats

Question 11

Examples of coccidiostats

Answer 11

alkomide, amprolium, clopidol, robenedine, maduramycin, narasin and salinomycin.

Question 12

These are used against internal parasites of the animals.

Answer 12

Dewormers

Question 13

Examples of dewormers

Answer 13

flubendazole, tetramizole, oxfendazole, thiabendazole,
mebendazole and piperazine.

Question 14

These are protein molecules that have the ability to catalyze biochemical reactions.

Answer 14

Enzymes

Question 15

Feed flavors induce feed intake particularly for piglets. Using feed flavors in mixed feed may disguise the presence of unpalatable ingredients

Answer 15

Flavorings

Question 16

These are agents added to improve the texture and firmness of pelleted feeds.

Answer 16

Pellet Binders

Question 17

Pellet binders examples

Answer 17

gelatin extract derivatives, calcium lignosulphonate and galactomannan gum.

Question 18

These are chemical agents added to enhance coloration and pigmentation of the skin or of the egg yolk in poultry.

Answer 18

Pigmenters

Question 19

Also known as live microbial supplements, these are beneficial
microorganisms (mainly lactic acid producing bacteria and yeast combinations) added to rations to improve the intestinal microbial balance of the animal.

Answer 19

Probiotics

Question 20

Examples of microorganisms

Answer 20

Lactobacillus sp. and Bifido bacterium sp.

Question 21

These are used to increase lean-muscle and reduce fat deposition in carcasses when added in the diet during the finishing period.

Answer 21

Repartitioning Agents

Question 22

Repartitioning Agents examples

Answer 22

chromium and hormones.

Question 23

These are chemical agents that facilitate uniform dispersion of molecules in feeds or feed mixtures.

Answer 23

Surfactants

Question 24

These are used for detoxification of mycotoxin- contaminated feeds and raw materials by either chelating the mycotoxin or by blocking the effect of mycotoxin at the digestive tract of animals that ingested the contaminated feeds.

Answer 24

Toxin Binders

Question 25

commonly used toxin binders

Answer 25

Polyvinylpyrrolidone and aluminum silicate

Question 26

These are synthetically produced supplements with chemical
characteristics similar to their natural counterparts.

Answer 26

Synthetic Amino Acids

Question 27

Most of the essential minerals are present in ordinary feeds although the amounts are not sufficient enough to meet the requirements of swine and
poultry.

Answer 27

Mineral Supplements

Question 28

which may either be ground or granulated, is one of the best sources of calcium for animals. To be suitable for feeding purposes, limestone

Answer 28

Limestone

Question 29

Seashells are almost pure calcium carbonate (95-99%). They are commonly used for topdressing or as a free choice source of calcium.

Answer 29

Oyster shell

Question 30

Common table salt or sodium chloride must be added in poultry and livestock rations.

Answer 30

Sodium chloride

Question 31

Bone meal generally contains about 26% calcium and 12% phosphorus. It must be thoroughly cooked to prevent the spread of disease- producing organisms.

Answer 31

Steamed bone meal

Question 32

must be applied in the finished feeds in the form of a mineral premix.

Answer 32

Trace Mineral Supplements

Question 33

The fat-soluble vitamins include;

Answer 33

A, D, E, and K

Question 34

are generally stored in the body,
hence there is no need to supply these vitamins daily

Answer 34

The fat-soluble vitamins

Question 35

does not occur in plant products butrather as carotenoids or pro
vitamin A.

Answer 35

Vitamin A

Question 36

Vitamin D has two forms

Answer 36

ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) from plants, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) from animals

Question 37

is the only fat-soluble vitamin synthesized by microorganisms in the alimentary tract

Answer 37

Vitamin K

Question 38

must be added in poultry and
swine feeds are thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B3), niacin or nicotinamide
(B4), pyridoxine (B6), folic acid (B8
), biotin (vitamin H), cyanocobalamine (B12), choline
and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). These vitamins are available commercially in synthetic
forms.

Answer 38

Water soluble vitamins