February 2017: Dairy Flashcards
What 3 products are dairy?
Milk
Cheese
Yogurt
What is Dairy?
Any food product made from milk.
What is milk?
Milk is food produced by certain animals to feed their off-spring
Why isn’t butter included in the ‘dairy’ section of the eat well guide?
it has a high fat content
What is the primary processing of milk? (4)
•Female cows only!
•Need to be lactating - therefore given birth!
•They are then milked every morning and
evening to keep milk production going
•They will do this for 3 years before being slaughtered for their meat
What is the secondary processing of milk? (2)
•By law milk needs to has to be heat treated
•It will then be bottled/canned, transported and
sold
What is milk called and what does it mean?
Milk is called a ‘complete food’ it contains all the essential nutrients our bodies need (and all the amino acids needed - these can’t be created by the body and can only come from food)
What is the nutritional value of milk? (6)
It contains:
•85% water
•3.5% (HBV) protein
•Fat (3.5 - 5%)
•Minerals of calcium, potassium and Iron - 0.7%
•Carbohydrate (lactose) - 4.8%
•A, B and D vitamins (and C in low levels) - 0.8%
What are the 4 different types of milk and what colour are they?
1% milk - Orange - 1%
Skimmed milk - Red - 0-0.5%
Semi Skimmed milk - Green - 1.7%
Whole milk - Blue - 3.9%
What two liquids is and emulsion of milk?
Oil in water
This is visible when the liquid separate and the cream collects at the top
What is homogenisation?
A process in which the fat droplets from milk are emulsified and the cream does not seperate
What is the process of homogenisation? (2)
- Milk has fat globules in it
- Homogenised milk forces milk through a very fine sieve to distribute the fat within the milk to make it more consistent and creamy
Why is milk heat treated? (2)
- To remove the bacteria
* Extend its shelf life
What two allergies are there to milk? (2)
- Lactose intolerant
* Allergic to the proteins in the milk
What is Lactose intolerance?
It is where people can not digest the milk sugars (lactose)
What milk can people allergic to it substitute it for? (4)
- Soya milk
- Rice milk
- Coconut milk
- Oat milk
What milk must you avoid if you are allergic to milk? (3)
- Cows milk
- Sheep’s milk
- Goats milk
What is the difference between the different types of milk?
They have different fat contents
What milk must you give to a child under 5 and why?
Whole milk as it is high in calcium
What is cheese made up of?
Cheese is made up of consulate milk proteins and fats
What is coagulation?
Coagulation is the irreversible change in proteins from a liquid state into a solid state
What is the nutritional value of cheese? (5)
- HBV protein
- Calcium
- Fat
- Vitamin A, D, B
- Mineral phosphorous and Zinc
What can cheese be described as?
A sold or semi sold form of milk
What is cheese sometimes called?
A fermented dairy food
What are the benefits and functions of using cheese in dishes? (4)
- Flavour - when making a sauce adding cheese
gives improved flavour - Colour - when sprinkled on dishes and either
grilled or baked it will turn a golden brown
colour - Texture - when melted it can provide a soft
stringy texture - Nutritional Value - It will provide extra nutrition
How do u store Cheese?
Refrigerate between 0°c - 5°c
What is the effect of heat on cheese? (3)
• The fat component of cheese will melt at 65°c
• Too much heat will burn the protein in the
cheese
• Cooked cheese is easily digested that uncooke-
d cheese
How is cheese made? (6)
- Add cultures
- Add Rennet
- Cutting
- Stirring/cooking
- Draining
- Salting/drying
What does the word ‘syneresis’ mean?
The sudden release of moisture from protein molecules
What happens if the bonds that maintain a protein shape are broken?
The protein will stop working properly and is denatured
What is and example of fresh cheese?
Mozzarella
What is an example of soft cheese?
Brie
What is an example of semi-hard cheese?
Edam
What is an example of Blue cheese?
Stilton
What is an example of hard cheese?
Parmesan
What is an example of processed cheese?
Dairylea
What are the health considerations of cheese? (2)
- People on low fat diets should avoid eating
too much cheese due to the high fat content - Pregnant women should avoid soft cheese
and blue cheese as they may be contaminated
with listeria bacteria
What are the different types of cream? (5 examples)
- single cream
- double cream
- whipped cream
- clotted cream
- sour cream
what does ‘centrifugation’ mean?
Milk is spinned at high speed. the force of this process causes the milk fat globules to separate from the watery liquid
What is the process of cream? (4)
1.Cows milk
2.milk is passed through a centrifuge to
separate milk and cream
3.Cream pasteurised
4.some cream go through a further secondary
processing e.g. adding bacteria
What is the nutritional value of cream? (4)
- high fat content- from 18-55% fat
- high biological value protein
- calcium
- Vitamin A and D
what is high biological value? (2)
- contains all amino
* meat, fish, eggs and milk
what is low biological value? (4)
- Beans
- chickpeas
- soya
- tofu
