features of a science and paradigms

Question 1

5 features of a science

Answer 1

1. objectivity and empirical method
2. hypothesis testing
3. replicability
4. falsifiability
5. theory construction

Question 2

1. objectivity and empirical method

Answer 2

objectivity =
research must be fair and unbiased , not based on personal opinion

empirical meth =
getting real evidence through observation and experience , not just guessing

Question 3

2. hypothesis testing

Answer 3

make clear predictions ( hypotheses ) based on their theories ,
- predictions tested to see if theory is right or wrong

Question 4

3. replicability

Answer 4

other researchers able to repeat study in diff place and get similar results

Question 5

4. falsifiability

Answer 5

• theory must be able to be proven wrong if new evidence shows it doesn’t work
• if theory can’t possibly be wrong , not scientific

Question 6

5. theory construction

Answer 6

• process of building and developing a theory , through psychological research

Question 7

paradigm

Answer 7

• set of shared beliefs and meths that scientists agreed on

Question 8

paradigms shift

Answer 8

• scientists start questioning old shared ideas

Question 9

psychology paradigm shift years

Answer 9

1879 - Wilhelm Wundt
- Wundt started first experimental psychology lab

1900s- freud = introduced psychodynamic approach

3. 1913- Watson and behaviourism , = focused on behaviourism , said we should only study what we can see and measure
4. 1950s - rogers and Maslow = created humanstic approach
5. 1960s- cognitive = comparison with human mind and computer and study of internal mental processes
6. 1960s- bandura slt
7. 1980s- biological approach
8. 21st century - cognitive neuroscience