Fatty Liver

Question 1

Lipotropic factors

Answer 1

1 methyl donors for choline
2 choline, inositol, serine, ethanolamine
3 B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid
4 antioxidants
5 essential FFAs
6 estrogen inhibit HMG COA reductase

Question 2

Most common liver disease

Answer 2

NAFL

Question 3

Normal lipid content in liver

Answer 3

4% of its weight (75% phospholipid , 25% TAG)

Question 4

Causes of raised levels of plasma FFAs

Answer 4

Starvation
Feeding on high fat diets
Uncontrolled DM

Question 5

Improvement of NAFL dt high plasma FFAS

Answer 5

1 dec weight
2 control blood pressure
3 control DM

Question 6

List the probabilities of metabolic block in the production of lipoproteins

Answer 6

1 block in apolipoprotein synthesis or inc its degradation
2 block in lipoprotein synthesis
3 failure in secretory mechanism
4 some toxins and drugs
5 failure in provision of PLs that are found in lipoprotein
6 starvation

Question 7

Enzymes of ethanol metabolism

Answer 7

1 alcohol dehydrogenase

2 mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 8

Inc NADH/NAD ratio leads to …..

Answer 8

1 inhibit FA oxidation
2 shift oxaloacetate to malate
3 shift pyruvate to lactate
4 shift DHAP to glycerol 3-P

Question 9

shift oxaloacetate to malate leads to

Answer 9

Inhibition of Krebs cycle
Accumulation of acetyl CoA
Inc FA synthesis

Question 10

shift DHAP to glycerol 3-P leads to

Answer 10

Inc TAG synthesis

Question 11

Shift of pyruvate to lactate leads to

Answer 11

Lactic acidosis
Dec uric acid excretion
Aggravating of gout