Fatty Acids

Question 1

2 types of essential fatty acids

Answer 1

A-linolenic and linoleic

Question 2

3 functions of essential fatty acids

Answer 2

Signalling molecules
Lipid rafts
Act on DNA by activating or inhibiting TFs

Question 3

4 major physiological roles of lipids

Answer 3

1. Source of hormones and intracellular messengers
2. Building blocks of Micelle’s and membranes
3. Post-translational modification of proteins
4. Fuel

Question 4

Describe how you change the membrane states (Tm etc.)

Answer 4

Gel (below TM) to crystal.
Apply heat
More unsaturated

Question 5

3 main types of membrane lipids

Answer 5

Glycerophospholipids
Sphingolipids
Sterols

Question 6

Glycerophospholipids backbone

Answer 6

Glycerol
Triangular O
Phosphate above

Question 7

Sphingolipids backbone

Answer 7

Sphingosine
Long fat — C=C — OH — NH — O
The N is attached to the other long fat
The O is attached to a phosphate

Question 8

Cardiolipin

Answer 8

4 tailed glycerophospholipid

Oxidative phosphorylation role

Question 9

Glycoglycerolipids are common in ____. They make up __% of the ____ in chloroplasts. The structure is a ___ attached to a ____ attached to_____.

Answer 9

Plants
50%
Membrane
Sugar — Glycerol backbone — fatty acids

Question 10

Sphingolipids functions include _, __ and __.

Answer 10

Signalling
Proliferation
Programmed cell death

Question 11

Sphingolipids have a ___ attached to C_.

Answer 11

Head group

C1

Question 12

Ceramides structure

Answer 12

Same a sphingolipids except have a R group attached to the C of the amide bond

Question 13

Gangliosides

Answer 13

Oligosaccharide — O — ceramide

Question 14

Oligosaccharides contain at least one __ sugar or ___.

Answer 14

Acidic

Sialic acid

Question 15

Cholera ____ gangliosides G_ _ to ____. This activates ___ and ___. ____ open, secreting _____ into the lumen. This inhibits ____. Cholera also affects the ___. A solution is ____ to absorb cholera.

Answer 15

Binds to GM1 to enter cell.
AC and CAMP
Cl- channels 
Water
Sodium absorption 
Nervous system 
GM1-coated particles to act as decoys