Fatty Acids as Fuel

Question 1

Fatty acids are stored as ____.

Answer 1

Triglycerides

Question 2

__% of our energy comes from fat.

Answer 2

35-50%

Question 3

Triglycerides are highly ___, highly ____ and not polar. Therefore they are ____.

Answer 3

Concentrated
Reduced
Anhydrous

Question 4

For complete oxidation, fats yield ___x as much energy as carbs. But _____, which means fat actually yields ___x more energy than carbs.

Answer 4

2
Glycogen isn’t pure - 2/3 water
6.5x

Question 5

3 Sources of fatty acids

Answer 5

Digestion
Adipose tissue
Synthesis

Question 6

Chylomicron function

Answer 6

Triglycerides to tissues

Question 7

Chylomicron remnant function

Answer 7

Cholesterol to liver

Question 8

VLDL function

Answer 8

Endogenous triglycerides from liver to periphery

Question 9

IDL function

Answer 9

Remnants of VLDL

Question 10

LDL function

Answer 10

Cholesterol to periphery

Question 11

HDL function

Answer 11

Cholesterol from circulation

Question 12

3 stages of fatty acid from adipose tissue

Answer 12

Mobilization
Activation and transport
Degradation

Question 13

4 steps of degradation (B-oxidation)

Answer 13

Oxidation
Hydration
Oxidation
Thiolysis

Question 14

5 steps of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 14

1. Condensation
2. Reduction using NADPH
3. Dehydration
4. Reduction using NADPH
5. Translocation

Question 15

Fatty acid degradation 
Location:
Carrier:
Removes:
Oxidant:
Starts from:
Ends with:
Processing pipeline?:

Answer 15

Location: mito
Carrier: coA 
Removes: Acetyl-CoA
Oxidant: NAD/FAD
Starts from: Saturated fatty acid
Ends with: Acetyl-CoA
Processing pipeline?: no

Question 16

Fatty acid synthesis

Location:
Carrier:
Removes:
Oxidant:
Starts from:
Ends with:
Processing pipeline?:

Answer 16

Location: cytosol
Carrier: ACP
Adds: Malonyl-CoA
Reductant: NADPH
Starts from: Acetyl-CoA
Ends with: 16C saturated fatty acid
Processing pipeline?: yes, FAS

Question 17

ACC is inhibited by:

ACC is stimulated by:

Answer 17

ACC is inhibited by: fatty acids, glucagon, E

ACC is stimulated by: insulin, citrate