Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards
What are the 3 ketone body products?
Acetone, Acetate, d-b-hydroxybutyrate.
Where does ketogenesis occur? What tissue can use the ketones for fuel?
in the liver. Brain, Heart, Skeletal muscles, renal cortex.
When are ketone bodies made, and what specific hormone and enzyme regulates this?
When blood glucose is low, ketone bodies are formed. Insulin inhibits it, glucagon activate it, and ACC is the enzyme involved.
NADP or NADPH is usually used in what type of process? NAD/NADH?
NADP/NADPH=Anabolic
NAD/NADH=Catabolic
What are the steps in the reaction cycle of fatty acid synthesis?
- Condensation: of chain with activated acetate
- Reduction: Of carbonyl to hydroxyl
- Dehydration of alcohol to trans-alkene
- Reduction: of alkene to alkane
What enzyme completes this whole process of fatty acid synthesis? How?
Fatty Acid Synthase. It has multiple active sites for different enzyme activity.
How does the process of Fatty acid synthesis begin and what is produced and used? how is this product then activated?
Acetyl-CoA is turned into Malonyl CoA by enzyme ACC and ATP. It is activated by replaced the CoA with Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP).
Where is Acetyl-CoA generated? How can it reach the cytosol for FA synthesis?
Generated in the mitochondria. Must be converted to Citrate by Citrate Synthase
Where are fatty acids generated?
in the cytosol.
What is the most common end product of FA synthesis?
Palmitate.
What does the following fatty acid symbols correspond to? 16:1;delta9.
16 = # of carbons
1 = # of double bond
delta9=bond occurs after carbon 9.
What inhibits and activates ACC?
Inhibits: Glucagon and Epi phosphorylate, Palmitoyl-CoA
Activated: Citrate, Insulin de-phosphorylates
