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pH - Foundations 08-10-17 > Fatty Acid Common Names > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Common Names Flashcards

1
Q

Tetradecanoic Acid

A

Myristic Acid (14)

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2
Q

n-hexadecanoic Acid

A

Palmitic Acid (16)

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3
Q

n-Octadecanoic Acid

A

Stearic Acid (18)

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4
Q

n-Eicosanoic Acid

A

Arachidic Acid (20)

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5
Q

What 3 processes are Eicosanoids involved in?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Immunity
  3. Messenger to CNS
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6
Q

What derives from Eicosnaoids?

A

Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids

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7
Q

What do COX inhibitors do?

A

Prevent synthesis of the omegas (aspirin, ibuprofen)

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8
Q

Oleic Acid

A

18 C’s - 1 double bond at C9

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9
Q

Linoleic Acid

A

18 C’s - 2 cis ouble bonds at C9 and C12

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10
Q

Alpha Linoleic Acid

A

18 C’s - 3 cis double bonds at C9, C12, C15 (omega 3)

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11
Q

Arachidonic Acid

A

20 C’s, 4 cis double bonds at C5, 8, 11, 14

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12
Q

What are the 2 essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by humans?

A

Linoleic Acid (LA) and Linolenic Acid (ALA)

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13
Q

What does linoleic acid turn in to?

A

Arachidonic Acid (AA) - Eicosanoids - Inflamation

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14
Q

What does linolenic turn in to?

A

EicosaPentaenoic (EPA) - docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (fish)

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15
Q

Does brain produce cholesterol independent of liver? Why or why not?

A

Yes, LDL cannot cross BBB

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16
Q

Order of prevalent lipids in membranes

A

Phospholipids > Glycolipids > Cholesterol

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17
Q

Cholesterol is precursor to what?

A
  1. Steroid hormones
  2. Vitamin D
  3. Bile Salts
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18
Q

Fatty Acids can be what?

A
  1. Energy Storage (if esterified to Triacylglycerol)
  2. Membrane Structure (if esterified to Phospholipid)
  3. Autacoid Signaling (if polyunsaturated)
  4. Membrane Localization
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19
Q

Saturated fats increase what?

A

LDL, CHD, prostate/colon cancer

20
Q

Omega 6 Polyunsaturated Fats decrease what? (also monounsaturated)

A

LDL, HDL, and CHD

21
Q

What do omega 3 polyunsaturated do?

A

Decrease arrhythmias, platelet aggregation, CHD, sudden cardiac death, and has effects on membrane function

22
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

Improper beating of heart

23
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by weakening of artery wall

24
Q

1cal

A

Energy required to raise 1mL of water 1 degree celsius

25
Q

Flippase

A

Lipid from outer leaflet to inner leaflet (exterior to cytoplasm) REQUIRES ATP

26
Q

Floppase

A

Lipid from inner leaflet to outer leaflet (cytoplasm to exoplasm) REQUIRES ATP

27
Q

Scramblase

A

Goes both direction (don’t require energy)

28
Q

Why do flippase and floppase require ATP?

A

Creating order

29
Q

Another name for flippase

A

P4 ATPases

30
Q

Another name for floppase

A

ABC Transporter

31
Q

How does phosphotidal serine get to outside? What does it do?

A

Scramblase gets PS to outside to signal for apoptosis (they get order over time)

32
Q

What organelle doesn’t have asymmetry?

A

ER

33
Q

What does a liposome do?

A

Similar to micelle. Transports drugs or other substances into tissues

34
Q

Where does cholesterol sit?

A

Deeply in phospholipid membrane with its small hydroxyl head group and favors raft formation

35
Q

What is DHA?

A

Docosohexanoic Acid. With a long bent tail avoids rafts and favors interaction with membrane proteins

36
Q

Most linked genetic factoid to Alzheimer’s?

A

ApoE4 enzyme that is found in vesicles that bind cholesterol. 3-4X more risk if 1, 10-30X more risk if 2

37
Q

How does it work when bound to cholesterol?

A

Decrease amyloid beta fibrils (increases when not bound)

38
Q

Is ApoE2 better at decreasing them?

A

Yes

39
Q

What is ABCA1?

A

Cholesterol floppase to ApoE

40
Q

What is a lipid raft?

A

Part of lipid membrane that contains high amounts of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids

41
Q

What is a lipoprotein?

A

Any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma

42
Q

Good cholesterol

A

HDL (high density lipoprotein)

43
Q

Bad Cholesterol

A

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

44
Q

VLDL

A

Very low density protein

45
Q

Biggest lipoprotein?

A

Chylomicron (CM)

46
Q

Caveolae

A

Small type of lipid raft

pH - Foundations 08-10-17 (4 decks)

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