Fatty Acid Common Names

Question 1

Tetradecanoic Acid

Answer 1

Myristic Acid (14)

Question 2

n-hexadecanoic Acid

Answer 2

Palmitic Acid (16)

Question 3

n-Octadecanoic Acid

Answer 3

Stearic Acid (18)

Question 4

n-Eicosanoic Acid

Answer 4

Arachidic Acid (20)

Question 5

What 3 processes are Eicosanoids involved in?

Answer 5

1. Inflammation
2. Immunity
3. Messenger to CNS

Question 6

What derives from Eicosnaoids?

Answer 6

Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids

Question 7

What do COX inhibitors do?

Answer 7

Prevent synthesis of the omegas (aspirin, ibuprofen)

Question 8

Oleic Acid

Answer 8

18 C’s - 1 double bond at C9

Question 9

Linoleic Acid

Answer 9

18 C’s - 2 cis ouble bonds at C9 and C12

Question 10

Alpha Linoleic Acid

Answer 10

18 C’s - 3 cis double bonds at C9, C12, C15 (omega 3)

Question 11

Arachidonic Acid

Answer 11

20 C’s, 4 cis double bonds at C5, 8, 11, 14

Question 12

What are the 2 essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by humans?

Answer 12

Linoleic Acid (LA) and Linolenic Acid (ALA)

Question 13

What does linoleic acid turn in to?

Answer 13

Arachidonic Acid (AA) - Eicosanoids - Inflamation

Question 14

What does linolenic turn in to?

Answer 14

EicosaPentaenoic (EPA) - docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (fish)

Question 15

Does brain produce cholesterol independent of liver? Why or why not?

Answer 15

Yes, LDL cannot cross BBB

Question 16

Order of prevalent lipids in membranes

Answer 16

Phospholipids > Glycolipids > Cholesterol

Question 17

Cholesterol is precursor to what?

Answer 17

1. Steroid hormones
2. Vitamin D
3. Bile Salts

Question 18

Fatty Acids can be what?

Answer 18

1. Energy Storage (if esterified to Triacylglycerol)
2. Membrane Structure (if esterified to Phospholipid)
3. Autacoid Signaling (if polyunsaturated)
4. Membrane Localization

Question 19

Saturated fats increase what?

Answer 19

LDL, CHD, prostate/colon cancer

Question 20

Omega 6 Polyunsaturated Fats decrease what? (also monounsaturated)

Answer 20

LDL, HDL, and CHD

Question 21

What do omega 3 polyunsaturated do?

Answer 21

Decrease arrhythmias, platelet aggregation, CHD, sudden cardiac death, and has effects on membrane function

Question 22

What is an arrhythmia?

Answer 22

Improper beating of heart

Question 23

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 23

Excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by weakening of artery wall

Question 24

1cal

Answer 24

Energy required to raise 1mL of water 1 degree celsius

Question 25

Flippase

Answer 25

Lipid from outer leaflet to inner leaflet (exterior to cytoplasm) REQUIRES ATP

Question 26

Floppase

Answer 26

Lipid from inner leaflet to outer leaflet (cytoplasm to exoplasm) REQUIRES ATP

Question 27

Scramblase

Answer 27

Goes both direction (don't require energy)

Question 28

Why do flippase and floppase require ATP?

Answer 28

Creating order

Question 29

Another name for flippase

Answer 29

P4 ATPases

Question 30

Another name for floppase

Answer 30

ABC Transporter

Question 31

How does phosphotidal serine get to outside? What does it do?

Answer 31

Scramblase gets PS to outside to signal for apoptosis (they get order over time)

Question 32

What organelle doesn't have asymmetry?

Answer 32

ER

Question 33

What does a liposome do?

Answer 33

Similar to micelle. Transports drugs or other substances into tissues

Question 34

Where does cholesterol sit?

Answer 34

Deeply in phospholipid membrane with its small hydroxyl head group and favors raft formation

Question 35

What is DHA?

Answer 35

Docosohexanoic Acid. With a long bent tail avoids rafts and favors interaction with membrane proteins

Question 36

Most linked genetic factoid to Alzheimer's?

Answer 36

ApoE4 enzyme that is found in vesicles that bind cholesterol. 3-4X more risk if 1, 10-30X more risk if 2

Question 37

How does it work when bound to cholesterol?

Answer 37

Decrease amyloid beta fibrils (increases when not bound)

Question 38

Is ApoE2 better at decreasing them?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What is ABCA1?

Answer 39

Cholesterol floppase to ApoE

Question 40

What is a lipid raft?

Answer 40

Part of lipid membrane that contains high amounts of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids

Question 41

What is a lipoprotein?

Answer 41

Any of a group of soluble proteins that combine with and transport fat or other lipids in the blood plasma

Question 42

Good cholesterol

Answer 42

HDL (high density lipoprotein)

Question 43

Bad Cholesterol

Answer 43

LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Question 44

VLDL

Answer 44

Very low density protein

Question 45

Biggest lipoprotein?

Answer 45

Chylomicron (CM)

Question 46

Caveolae

Answer 46

Small type of lipid raft