Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pH - Foundations 08-10-17 > ECM > Flashcards

ECM Flashcards

1
Q

GAGs

A

Glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyaluronan

A

GAG w/ no SO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Keratan Sulfate

A

GAG w/ no acidic sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Core Protein w/ Hyaluronan

A

Aggrecan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GAGs Plus Core Protein

A

Proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why Are Proteoglycans Smaller Than GAGs?

A

They are bound to membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 3 Proteoglycans

A
  1. Syndecan (spanning)
  2. Glypican (GPI anchor)
  3. Perlecan (secreted)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Are the Most Abundant GAGs in the body? What do they make up?

A
  1. Chondroitin 4 - Sulfate
  2. Chondroitin 6 - Sulfate

Cartilage (bind collagen), tendons, ligaments, aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What GAG is in the skin, blood vessels, and heart valves?

A

Dermatan Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most diverse GAG?

A

Keratin Sulfate (KS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

KS 1

A

Corneas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

KS 2

A

Loose connective tissue with chondroitin sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

KS 3

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is Hyaluronate covalently bound to proteins? Where is it found? Involved in?

A

No
Bacteria, synovial fluid (lubricant) and shock absorber
Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heparin (GAG)

A

Intracellular in mast cells (WBC) lining arteries (liver, lungs, skin) and is an anticoagulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heparin Sulfate (GAG)

A

Has acetylation (less sulfates). Extracellular GAG (basement membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Heparin bond to?

A

Antithrombin 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 mucopolysaccharidose lysozyme storage diseases?

A
  1. Hurler’s Syndrome (developmental delays, gargoylism, airway obstruction, clouded cornea, hearing loss)
  2. Hunter’s Syndrome (mild Hurler + aggression)

Can’t break down GAG’s and can be delayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What accumulates in Hurler’s/Hunters?

A

Heparan Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What enzyme is affected in Hunter’s? What is the issue?

A

Iduronate Sulfatase. Cannot take off Sulfur (enzyme replacement theory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What enzyme is affected in Hurler’s? What’s the issue?

A

Alpha-L-iduronidase. Cannot take off sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sly Syndrome

A

No sugar off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How can Hurler’s be treated?

A

Bone marrow or cord blood transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do you make collagen with?

A

a) 2 alpha 1’s

b) 1 alpha 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
2 Patters in Collagen Helix
1. Gly-Pro-X | 2. Gly-X-Hydroxyproline
26
Scurvy is what type of collagen impairment?
Fibril
27
Symptoms of scurvy?
Lethargy & malaise, bruises due to capillary fragility, gum disease, poor wound healing
28
Is Ehler's lethal? Most common a.a. mutations?
No; type 3 is most clinically significant (vascular) and type 5 is classical (joint and skin) also class 1
29
What type of collagen is affected in osteogenesis imperfecta and is it autosomal what?
Collagen type 1; autosomal dominant
30
What are 4 cell adhesion molecule families?
1. Selectins 2. Immunoglobulin Superfamily 3. Integrins 4. Cadherins
31
What ligand does selectins recognize? Is it a stable cell junction?
Carbs; no
32
What ligand does IG superfamily recognize? Stable cell junction?
IgSF members, integrins; not usually for either
33
What ligand does integrins recognzie? Stable?
EC matrix - focal adhesions | IG superfamily, Cadherins - hemidesmosomes
34
What ligand does cadherins recognize? Stable?
Other cadherins - adherens junctions, desmosomes
35
Which family does not require Ca+2, Mn+2, or Mg+2?
Ig
36
What motiff do integrins recognzie?
RGD (arginine, glycine, aspartic acid) any compound that has thing, integrins will bind
37
How many units in integrins? This relates to what?
24; metastasis
38
Where do integrins function?
Focal adhesions, hemidesmosomes
39
What is inside focal adhesions? Hemidesmosomes?
Actin filaments (talin, ECM); intermediate filaments basal lamina)
40
What does talin do? What else is involved?
Binds to integrin to activate it; kindlin
41
MMP
Matrixmetalloprotease; eats away at ECM to help cancer metastasize
42
What binds and activates MMP-2?
Alpha 5 beta 3 integrin
43
What 3 things do Adherins use?
1. Actin filaments inside; across cell using 1 protein each side 2. Beta Catenin 3. Alpha Catenin (the catenins help bind actin filament)
44
Desmosome uses what?
Intermediate filaments
45
2 places for tight junctions. Is it strong?
1. Epithelium 2. BBB No; just separate 2 things in the body
46
What 3 things in tight interacts with actin? What do they bind?
1. JAM 2. Occludin 3. Claudin PDZ JOC (K)
47
Gap Junctions
Extension of the cell
48
Gap Junction Disease. Symtpoms?
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Degeneration of nerves, slow loss of muscle control, cataracts, deafness
49
What is fibronectin?
Matrix adhesions; crosslinks with GAGs and combines with integrins
50
What are the 2 types of fibronectins?
1. Insoluble (forming ECM as fibrils) | 2. Soluble (blood - clotting)
51
What is Fibrosis?
Increased deposition of EC matrix proteins into tissues (scar, organ failure)
52
Fibrosis (45% of deaths in 2008) Blood Clotting
Fibronectin and fibrin cross link until collagen deposited (this is good)
53
Fibrosis =
Bad. Macrophages increase TGB beta, fibroblasts increase in matrix output - scarring
54
MMP's digest what? Involved in what?
Collagens, laminins; movement of cells, development/growth, tissue repair
55
When do MMP's increase?
Cancer
56
2 things that change in all cancers
Integrins and MMPs
57
Elastin mainly what?
Small, non-polar (rich in pro and gly)
58
Why not super rigid like collagen?
Crosslinks not a lot and can pull the crosslinks apart
59
What does smoking mess up for inhibition of elastase?
Methione in antitrypsin to bind elstase
60
What is fibrillin?
Glycoprotein scaffold for elastin
61
Marfan
Impaired structural activity

pH - Foundations 08-10-17 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions