Fatty Acid Catabolism Flashcards
The hydrolysis of triacylglycerols are catalysed by what enzyme?
Lipase
What regulates lipases ?
Horomes, glucagon and epinephrine (adrenalin)
Where does majority of the energy in tricylgycerol come from?
Fatty acid chains
What is used for Glycerol kinase to activate glycerol?
ATP
What does the activation of glycerol by Glycerol kinase allow for?
Anaerobic catabolism of fats
What happens when fatty acids are transported into mitochondria?
Beta - oxidation of fatty acids occur
Where are fats degraded in?
Cytoplasm
How does the fatty acids move across the mitochdonrial membranes?
Small fatty acids ( <12 carbons) diffuse freely across mitochondrial membrane
Large fatty acids transported via acyl-carnitine ( transporter )
What are fatty accids converted into?
Fatty acyl-CoA
How is Fatty acyl-adenylate formed?
Carboxylate ion is adenyl-ylated by ATP to form acyl-adenylate and PPi
What happens to the norganic pyrophosphatase (PPi) after acyl-adenylate is formed
Hydroylsed to form two molecules of Pi
How is Acyl-CoA formed from acyl-adenylate?
The thiol group of coenzyme A displaces the AMP and forms the thioester fatty acyl-CoA
What are the products formed from Beta-Oxdiation?
FADH2, NADH, Acetyl CoA
What are FADH2 and NADH used for?
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Citric Acid Cycle
What is Acetyl CoA used for?
Citric Acid Cycle
What inhibits caritine shuttle?
Malonyl CoA
What does fats do not provide?
Oxaloacetate
What is excess Acetyl-CoA coverted to?
Ketone bodies
What is needed for Acetyl CoA to enter the Citric Acid Cycle?
Oxaloacetate
What occurs to form Ketone bodies?
Thiolase reaction joins two acetate units
How does the production of ketone bodies increase?
Starvation or untreated diabetes mellitus
What organ can NOT use Ketone bodies as fuel?
Liver
Where are Ketone bodies released from?
Liver
How does acidosis occur?
Too high levels of acetoacetate and B-hydroxybutyrate as it lowers blood pH
What happens when Gluconeogensis depletes oxaloacetate (citric acid cycle intermediate)?
Acetyl-CoA is diverted to ketone body production
Ketone body production causes untreated diabetes. What does this mean?
- Low insulin level
- Cells cannot take glucose from blood
What is the consequence when Gluconeogenesis depletes oxaloacetate?
Malonyl CoA levels drop, causing increase to Acetyl-CoA
