Electron transport chain & Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 1

What is the function of integral proteins?

Answer 1

Regulate flow of molecules

Question 2

What molecules can diffuse through the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

Small, non polar molecules

Water molecules

Question 3

What are permeases?

Answer 3

Transporter proteins

Question 4

What is the result of permeases?

Answer 4

• Lower the activation energy
• Increase rate of diffusion

Question 5

What are symport and antiport?

Answer 5

Co-transporters

Question 6

What is uniporter protein?

Answer 6

Passive faciliated diffusion

Question 7

What is uniporter protein?

Answer 7

Passive faciliated diffusion

Question 8

What is GLUT1?

Answer 8

Erythrocyte glucose transporter

Question 9

How many hydrophobic regions are there in GLUT1?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

How many NADHs are produced from one glucose?

Answer 10

10

Question 11

How many FADH2 are made from one glucose?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Why is 24 elections released from a glucose?

Answer 12

10 NADH and 2 FADH can each pass 2 elections to other molecules

Question 13

What complex does NADH pass its elections too?

Answer 13

Complex I

Question 14

What complex II does FADH2 pass its electiosn too?

Answer 14

Complex II

Question 15

What is the Oxidative phsophorylation reaction?

Answer 15

24e- + 24H+ + 3O2 → 6H2O

Question 16

What complexes are proton pumps?

Answer 16

Comple, I,III and IV

Question 17

Why does a conformational change occur in mitochondrial ATP synthase?

Answer 17

Proton motive force cause rotation of the central shaft

Question 18

What does the conformational change affect in the mitochondrial ATP sYnthase

Answer 18

All three alpha and beta pairs

Question 19

What does the conformational change in one of the three pairs in mitochondrial ATP synthase promote?

Answer 19

Condensation of ADP and Pi to ATP

Question 20

What happens to ADP in the electron transport chain?

Answer 20

Phsophorylate to form ATP using energy stored as H+ gradient

Question 21

How to make an unfavorable ADP + Pi = ATP possible?

Answer 21

Energy needed to phosphorylate ADP is provided by the flow of protons down the electrochemical gradient

• Electrochemcial gradient is made by transporting protons against the electrochemcial gradient during electron transport

Question 22

Where is the proton gradient established?

Answer 22

Inner membrane

Question 23

What are cristae?

Answer 23

Convolutions of the inner membrane - increases surface area

Question 24

What is the transfer of two electrons from Complex I accompanied by?

Answer 24

Transfer of protons from the matrix to the inter-membrane space

Question 25

How many protons are transported per one NADH?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

How many protons does reduced coenzyme Q pick up?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What happens when reduced coenzyme Q (QH2) uses two electrons

Answer 27

Reduces two molecules of cytochrome c

Question 28

What is Cytochrome C?

Answer 28

Soluble heme-containing protein

Question 29

Where can cytochrome c be found?

Answer 29

Intermembrane space

Question 30

What heme iron can be in cytochrome c?

Answer 30

ferrous(Fe3+, oxidized) or ferric(Fe2+, reduced)

Question 31

What is the structure of Complex IV

Answer 31

- Contains two heme groups - Contains copper ions

Question 32

How many subunits does complex IV have?1

Answer 32

13

Question 33

What happens when Cytochrome Oxidase passes electrons to O2?

Answer 33

The four electrons are used to reduce one oxygen molecule into two water molecules

Question 34

What the three ways the electron transport chain created the electrochemical proton gradient?

Answer 34

- actively transported protons across the membrane via poorly understood mechanisms - Passed electrons to coenzyme Q that picked up protons from the matrix (Complex 1) - Took electrons from QH2 and released the protons to the inter-membrane side (Complex 3)