Fats and Oils Flashcards

1
Q

main use of fats and oils

A
  1. concentrated source of energy
  2. are essential for the transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins in the body. non-polar structure allows them to dissolve essential vitamins such as A and D.
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2
Q

other uses of fats and oils

A
  • edible oils used as fuels such as bio-diesel (more important as fuels from crude oil become scarcer/more expensive)
  • lubricants for some agricultural machinery made from veg oil to prevent risk of harmful mineral oils contaminating future food stuffs.
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3
Q

structure of fats/oils

A
  • 1x glycerol backbone (alcohol)
  • 3x fatty acids (carboxylic acids)
  • 3x ester linkages
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4
Q

what is glycerol also known as?

A

propan-1,2,3-triol

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5
Q

what homologous series do fats and oils belong to?

A

esters

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6
Q

in what reaction are fats and oils made?

A

esterification/condensation reaction

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7
Q

what can a fat or oil also be referred to as?

A

triglyceride

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8
Q

state of fats and oils at room temp

A

fats are solid

oils are liquids

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9
Q

what determines if the triglyceride is a fat or oil?

A

the structure of the fatty acid chain

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10
Q

where do fats tend to come from?

A

animals

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11
Q

where do oils tend to come from?

A

fish and plants

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12
Q

are fats and oils unsaturated or saturated?

A

fats are saturated

oils are saturated

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13
Q

do fats or oils have a higher mp

A

fats have higher mp

oils have lower mp

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14
Q

in other words, what is degree of unsaturation?

A

how many c=c are present

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15
Q

monounsaturated

A

one c=c

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16
Q

polyunsaturated

A

more than 1 c=c

17
Q

testing degree of unsaturation

A

more unsaturated the fatty acid, the more bromine it can react with. (more C=C for Br-Br to add on to)
end point of titration colourless–>yellow when no more Br2 can add on as the fatty acid has become fully saturated.

18
Q

iodine number

A

mass of iodine in grams that will react with 100g of oil

19
Q

using iodine to test degree of unsaturation

A

the iodine reacts with the c=c bonds, so the greater the iodine number, the greater the number of double bonds.

20
Q

determining degree of unsaturation using formula

A

it is saturated if it fits the general formula CnH2n+1
if it is not saturated there is 1 double bond for each pair of hydrogen’s lost.
x2+1

21
Q

process used to convert oils into fats

A

hydrogenation

22
Q

what happens to an oil when it is ‘hardened’?

A

hydrogen is added on to the c=c in the oil which reduces the degree of unsaturation which increases the melting point.

23
Q

what catalyst is used in hardening of oils

A

nickel Ni catalyst

24
Q

example of hardening of oils in real life

A

production of margarine

25
edible fats and oils are esters formed from the...
condensation reaction of glycerol with three fatty acid molecules
26
how many ester links can glycerol form with fatty acid molecules?
3
27
the greater the number of drops (longer titration)...
more unsaturated the oil.
28
end point of titration of fats/oils against bromine
when all double bonds have been used up | trace of bromine remains (no further decolouration)