Fats and oils Flashcards
What are fats and oils?
esters (condensation)
concentrated source of energy
What are fats and oils essential for?
the transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins in the body
Examples of fats and oils consumed by humans
animal eg lard
vegetable eg olive
fish oil
What alcohol are all fats and oils made from?
glycerol
propane-1,2,3-triol
What acids make all fats and oils?
fatty acids which may be saturated or unsaturated
what is the ratio of glycerol to fatty acids in fats and oils?
glycerol:fatty acid
1:3
What shape are esters in?
-C✅ E❌
What happens, the longer the fatty acids are in fats and oils?
Stronger intermolecular forces —>higher mp and bp
What states are fats and oils normally
fats tend to be solids
oils tend to be liquids, therefore, fats must contain strong molecular forces (comparable size)
What properties do edible oils have compared to edible fats?
Lower melting points in edible oils than edible fats.
Double bonds in fatty acid chains prevent oil molecules from packing closely together, so the greater the number of double bonds present, the weaker the van der waals forces of attraction
What does the degree of unsaturation do to the melting point?
The greater the degree of unsaturation, the lower the melting point
What test can be used to test for unsaturation in fats and oils?
Bromine (or iodine) is used to test for unsaturation
In molecular formula, how can you tell between an unsaturated compound and a saturated compound
Unsaturated:
CH3-CH-CH-
Saturated:
CH3-(CH2)2-
In hydrolysis, what can cause a lower % yield?
-reaction not going to completion (reversible/equilibrium)
-wasting product (in apparatus)
-purity of reactants
