Carbon Chemistry N5 revision

Question 1

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated?

Answer 1

Saturated-only C-C single bonds
Unsaturated-contains at least 1 C=C double bonds

Question 2

Types of addition reactions

Answer 2

Hydrogenation
Hydration
Halogenation
H-Br

Question 3

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 3

When 2 molecules combine to form a single molecule

Question 4

How can you distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds?

Answer 4

Use bromine or iodine solution. Unsaturated compounds quickly recolours it (orange—>colourless)

The bromine molecules add across the C=C double bonds in an addition reaction

The greater number of double bonds present in a substance, the more bromine solution can be decolourised

Question 5

What are isomers?

Answer 5

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

may belong to different homologous series

usually have different physical properties

Question 6

isomers of alkanes?

Answer 6

make a branch

move branch

Question 7

isomers of alkenes

Answer 7

move double bond

cycloalkane

make a branch

Question 8

Are alcohols saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 8

saturated

Question 9

general formula of alcohols

Answer 9

CnH2n+1OH

Question 10

Functional group of alcohols

Answer 10

Hydroxyl OH

Question 11

Uses of alcohols?

Answer 11

alcoholic beverages
disinfectants/antibacterial
fuels
to make esters

Question 12

Where do you start counting from in an alchohol?

Answer 12

From there the -OH functional group appears first

Functional group takes priority over branches!!!

Question 13

In what order do branches occur?

Answer 13

alphabetical

Question 14

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 14

carbon containing hydroxyl group is attached to 1C

Question 15

What is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 15

carbon containing hydroxyl group is attached to 2C

Question 16

What is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 16

carbon containing hydroxyl group is attached to 3C (branch)

Question 17

What does an alcohol being diol or triol depend on

Answer 17

the number of hydroxyl functional groups

Question 18

Are alcohols polar or non-polar?

Answer 18

Hydroxyl groups make alcohols polar and this gives rise to hydrogen bonding.

Question 19

What can hydrogen bonding be used to explain in alcohols??

Answer 19

the properties of alcohols, including boiling points, melting points, viscosity and solubility/miscibility in water

Question 20

general formula and functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 20

GF-CnH2n+1COOH

FG-carboxyl COOH

Question 21

Where do you start counting from in a carboxylic acid?

Answer 21

where the carboxyl group appears first

Question 22

What must the main chain include?

Answer 22

the functional group

Question 23

What does carboxylic acids react with to produce salt and water?

Answer 23

bases in a neutralisation reaction

Question 24

When a carboxylic acid and base react in a neutralisation reaction, what salt is produced and what atoms make the water?

Answer 24

salt= -oate

water= cooH from acid and OH from hydroxide

Question 25

In vinegar, what is the solute, solvent and solution?

Answer 25

ethanoic acid-solute
water-solvent
vinegar-solution

Question 26

Uses of carboxylic acids?

Answer 26

preservatives in food (vinegar)
(food industry)