Fats

Question 1

What are the functions of fat?

Answer 1

• concentrated source of energy 9kcal/gram
• components of cell membranes
• Transport of fat soluble vitamins
• Essential fatty acids

Question 2

What is the function of saturated fat?

Answer 2

Down regulates LDL receptors, so unable to remove LDL so amounts stay high. (LDL= bad cholesterol)

Question 3

What do Trans fats do?

Answer 3

Down regulate LDL receptors but to a greater extend than saturated fat.

Question 4

What does monounsaturated fat do? What are some sources?

Answer 4

Upregulates LDL receptors so there are more to remove LDL.

Olive oil, meat, nuts and seeds

Question 5

Name two types of polyunsaturated fats, their functions and sources of them.

Answer 5

Omega 3 - anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effect - fish, nuts, seed oils (alpha linolenic acid)
Omega 6 - up regulates LDL receptors - vegetable oils (linolenic acid). 6 carbons on the methyl end until the first double bond.

Question 6

How are triglycerides formed?

Answer 6

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids joined by condensation reactions forming ester bonds.

Question 7

What is the difference between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 7

Saturated - no double bonds
monounsaturated - one double bond
polyunsaturated - more than one double bond

Question 8

Which type of fatty acids are more liquid?

Answer 8

More double bonds.

Question 9

What is the difference between trans and cis fatty acids?

Answer 9

Trans has a linear structure - similar to saturated fatty acids.
Cis has a kink so a different shape and function.

Question 10

What is the function of cholesterol?

Answer 10

• component of cell membranes

- substrate for the synthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamin D.