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Aircraft General Knowledge > Fatigue and Stress | Wheels, Rims, and Tyres > Flashcards

Fatigue and Stress | Wheels, Rims, and Tyres Flashcards

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1
Q

There are _ main types of wheels:

A
  • Well-based
  • Detachable flange
  • Split hub
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2
Q

Detachable flange tyres can have one side removed by ___

A

taking out a locking ring

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3
Q

Wheels are generally made from ___

A

aluminium alloys

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4
Q

Using aluminimum allows ___ space between the rim and the brake for cooling purposes

A

more

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5
Q

___ ___ are fitted to the wheel rims to reduce the risk of excessive heating causing a retracted tyre to burst within the wheel well

A

Fusible inserts

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6
Q

A fussible insert is ___

A

A hexagonal stud with bored centre and a rubber plug. They melt at a pre-set temperature to blow out the rubber plug and deflate the tyre, prior to an explosion

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7
Q

The average life of a tyre is around ___ landings between remoulds, and around _ to _ retreads

A

100

2-3

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8
Q

The most likely time for creep is when the tyre is ___

A

newly fitted

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9
Q

Creep is the ___ movement of the tyre in relation to the wheel ___

A

circumferential flange

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10
Q

An engineer should be consulted when when the creep exceeds ___

A

half of the distance of the creep mark

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11
Q

A red band is a ___ mark

A

balance

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12
Q

A grey/green mark is a ___, which allows

A

awl hole, trapped gas between plies to esacpe

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13
Q

Up to 24 inches in diameter, _ inch(es) of creep is/are allowed

A

1 inch is

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14
Q

Above 24 inches in diameter, _ inch(es) of creep is/are allowed

A

1.5

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15
Q

A speed rating is present if the tyre is rated above ___ mph

A

160

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16
Q

Tyres are normally inflated with the weight (off) the wheels and _% is added to compensate

A

off 4

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17
Q

Air can escape through either ___

A

valve or carcass

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18
Q

Air cannot escape through the ___ with tubeless tyres

A

carcass

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19
Q

Cold tyres are rejected if they are over __% below pressure

A

10

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20
Q

Betwen _% and __% below pressure, they can be reinflated and checked the next day, then rejected if they are still more than _% below

A

5 10 5

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21
Q

A tyre below _% can be reinflated, but must be rejected if it reaches the same value by the next day

A

5

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22
Q

Hot tyres are rejected if they are more than __% below the loaded pressure of other tyres on the same leg

A

10

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23
Q

Under-inflated tyres wear most on their ___, and over-inflation leads to ___ wear

A

shoulders crown

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24
Q

Tyres should be inflated with ___ as it has a reduced pressure change with altitude, though ___ ___ can also be used

A

nitrogen, dry air

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25
Q

Nitrogen must be used to inflate tyres on aircraft over ___kg that have retractable landing gear

A

5700

26
Q

Typical inflation pressures are __ to __ psi for grass and ___ psi for paved

A

30 50 200

27
Q

The permissable load ___ as inflation pressure decreases

A

decreases

28
Q

Pre-flight inspection of tyres should include:

A
  • Creep within limits
  • No cuts/scores/swelling/bulges
  • No embedded objects
  • No signs of heat damage
  • Correct inflation
29
Q

Tyres are classified by ___

A
  • Load
  • Ply
  • Speed rating
30
Q

The ply rating identifies a tyre by its maximum recommended ___ and ___

A

load and pressure

31
Q

Ply rating is the index of tyre ___

A

strength

32
Q

Most tyres are ___ply, to ensure even load distribution, with multiple layers of nylon ply at alternating angles to the tread centreline

A

cross

33
Q

With radial tyres, the ply runs at __ degrees, which helps with cornering.

A

90

34
Q

High speed demands are covered by ____ the tread

A

reinforcing

35
Q

Radials are ___ flexible and can offer ___ weight, but tend to be ___ retreadable than a bias ply with weaker sidewalls.

A

more low less

36
Q

Tread is made from a compounded rubber that must resist ___

A
  • Wear
  • Cutting
  • Chunking
  • Heat build up
37
Q

The tread includes the __ and __ of the tyre

A

crown shoulder

38
Q

The most common pattern is ___ tread

A

ribbed

39
Q

The ribs along the length of the circumference help with ___ ___ and grooves between them allow ___ ___

A

directional stability, water dispersal

40
Q

___ treads are best for unpaved airfields

A

Diamond

41
Q

You can go down to the depth of the pattern ( on patterned tyres), or the marker tie bar, or _mm above the bottom of the wear indicator on ribbed tyres, and they can be repaired several times

A

2

42
Q

A plain treaded tyre is at its limits when __ ___ is exposed

A

cushion rubber

43
Q

A layer of rubber that is designed to improve the adhesion between tread/ITF and the casing plies is called the ___

A

undertread

44
Q

During the retreading process, the ___ acts as the interface for the application of fresh tread rubber

A

undertread

45
Q

The basic strength of the tyre is provided by the ___ ___

A

casing plies

46
Q

Casing plies are layers of __ ___ coated with ___ ___ on both sides

A

fabric cord hi-modulus rubber

47
Q

Casing plies are held in place by being wrapped around the ___ to provide the casing ply turn up

A

beads

48
Q

The bead wire anchors the ___ to the ___ to ensure an airtight seal

A

tyre to the rim

49
Q

Beads are bundles of ___

A

high tensile steel wires

50
Q

The sidewall is the area of the tyre between the ___ and the ___

A

shoulder and the bead

51
Q

The sidwall is covered with a layer of special rubber treated with ___

A

anti-oxidants

52
Q

The sidewall protects the casing plies from the effects of ___ and offers resistance to ___ and ___

A

weathering cuts flexing

53
Q

Tubed tyres are inflated with a ___

A

rubber inner tube

54
Q

The tyre casing around a tubed tyre is similar to that of a ___ ___

A

tubeless tyre

55
Q

Tubed tyres are ___ subject to sudden blowouts

A

less

56
Q

The main problem with tubed tyres is ___ or ___ of the inflation valve after creep

A

bending breaking

57
Q

A tubeless tyre has __ inner tube

A

no

58
Q

Tubeless tyres are ___ to balance

A

easier

59
Q

There is __ rubbing during taxing, they are __C cooler when running and are vented to release air trapped in the casing.

A

less 10

60
Q

Tubeless tyres have a ___ risk of deflating through puncture

A

lower

61
Q

A tubeless tyre has a ___ casing

A

radial side casing

Aircraft General Knowledge (22 decks)

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