Fate of Pyruvate

Question 1

lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 1

pyruvate —> lactate
NADH + H+ —> NAD+
delta G = -
reversible

Question 2

pyruvate decarboxylase

Answer 2

pyruvate —> acetaldehyde

Question 3

alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 3

acetaldehyde —> ethanol
NADH + H+ —> NAD+
reversible

Question 4

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Answer 4

pyruvate —> acetyl CoA
NAD+ —> NADH + H+
delta G = -
requires TPP, lipoate, FAD, CoA-SH

Question 5

citrate synthase

Answer 5

acetyl CoA + oxaloacetate —> citrate
delta G = -
requires water

Question 6

aconitase

Answer 6

citrate —> isocitrate

reversible

Question 7

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Answer 7

isocitrate ---> A ketoglutarate
NADP+ ---> NADPH + H+
delta G = -
reversible
CO2 loss

Question 8

A ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Answer 8

A ketoglutarate —> succinyl CoA
NAD+ —> NADH + H+
requires CoA-SH, TPP, lipoate, FAD
CO2 loss

Question 9

succinyl CoA synthetase

Answer 9

succinyl CoA ---> succinate
GDP ---> GTP
reversible
CO2 loss
substrate level phosphorolation

Question 10

succinate dehydrogenase

Answer 10

succinate —> fumarate
FAD —> FADH2
reversible

Question 11

fumarase

Answer 11

fumarate —> malate
requires water
reversible

Question 12

malate dehyrdogenase

Answer 12

malate —> oxaloacetate
NAD+ —> NADH + H+
reversible
pulled forward by citrate synthase reaction