Fat Burning Flashcards
This is an organic radical derived from an organic acid by the removal of the carboxylic hydroxyl group.
Acyl (fatty acid attached to something)
This is three fatty acids attached to glycerol.
Tri Acyl Glycerol
This is a fatty acid attached to coenzyme A
Acyl-CoA
This is the enzyme portion of fatty acid synthase and holds an “acyl group”.
Acyl Carrier Protein
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:2w6.
Linoleic acid
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:3w3.
Linolenic acid
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 20:4w6.
Arachidonic acid
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 20:5w3.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 22:6w3.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 16:0.
Palmitic acid
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:0.
Stearic acid
This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:1w9.
Oleic acid
What are three characteristics of triglycerides?
- Reduced (lots of electrons)
- Anhydrous (no water)
- 9kcal/gram
Where are the vast majority of triglycerides stored?
Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue
Which muscle fibers store 2-3 times more fat than the other? Type I or type II?
Type I (aerobic) store more than type II
These are a fat-storage depot if there are a lot of lipid’s available and can be used as a source of fatty acids during exercise.
Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG)
Replenishment of intramuscular triglycerides can be impaired and remain below pre-exercise levels until 72 hours after this type of exercise.
Aerobic exercise
Replenishment of intramuscular triglycerides following this type of exercise appears to be rapid and occurs within a few hours.
Resistance exercise
Increased content of triglyceride synthesizing enzymes after a single bout of aerobic exercise explains ____ of intramuscular triglycerides concentration that occurs following intramuscular triglyceride depletion during exercise.
Supercompensation
Which group has lower intramuscular triglyceride concentrations and moderate insulin insensitivity? Normal people, athletes, obese people?
Normal people
Which group has elevated oxidative capacity, higher concentrations of intramuscular triglyceride, and greater insulin insensitivity? Normal people, athletes, obese people?
Athletes
Which group has higher intramuscular triglyceride concentrations and low insulin insensitivity? Normal people, athletes, obese people?
Obese people
What is the first step of converting triacylglycerol into free fatty acid?
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is converted into diacylglycerol (DAG) by aidpose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)
After triacylglycerol is converted into diacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating free fatty acid?
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is converted into monoacylglycerol (MAG) by hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
After diacylglycerol is converted into monoacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating free fatty acid?
Monoacylglycerol (MAG) is converted into free fatty acid (FFA) by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL)
What is the first step of converting free fatty acid into triacyl glycerol?
Free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol is converted into monoacylglycerol (MAG) by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)
After free fatty acid is converted into monoacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating triacylglycerol?
Monoacylglycerol (MAG) is converted into diacylglycerol (DAG) by acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT)
After monoacylglycerol is converted into diacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating triacylglycerol?
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is converted into triacylglycerol (TAG) by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)
These are proteins that break down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries. They are produced by muscle and fat cells and release fatty acids into tissues.
Lipoprotein lipases
Does exercise increase of decrease skeletal muscle LPL?
Increases it, while reduced activity causes up to a 10 to 20-fold decrease in LPL activity.
