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Biochemistry II > Fat Burning > Flashcards

Fat Burning Flashcards

1
Q

This is an organic radical derived from an organic acid by the removal of the carboxylic hydroxyl group.

A

Acyl (fatty acid attached to something)

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2
Q

This is three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

A

Tri Acyl Glycerol

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3
Q

This is a fatty acid attached to coenzyme A

A

Acyl-CoA

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4
Q

This is the enzyme portion of fatty acid synthase and holds an “acyl group”.

A

Acyl Carrier Protein

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5
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:2w6.

A

Linoleic acid

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6
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:3w3.

A

Linolenic acid

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7
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 20:4w6.

A

Arachidonic acid

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8
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 20:5w3.

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

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9
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 22:6w3.

A

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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10
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 16:0.

A

Palmitic acid

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11
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:0.

A

Stearic acid

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12
Q

This fatty acid has the omega nomenclature of 18:1w9.

A

Oleic acid

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13
Q

What are three characteristics of triglycerides?

A
  • Reduced (lots of electrons)
  • Anhydrous (no water)
  • 9kcal/gram
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14
Q

Where are the vast majority of triglycerides stored?

A

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

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15
Q

Which muscle fibers store 2-3 times more fat than the other? Type I or type II?

A

Type I (aerobic) store more than type II

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16
Q

These are a fat-storage depot if there are a lot of lipid’s available and can be used as a source of fatty acids during exercise.

A

Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG)

17
Q

Replenishment of intramuscular triglycerides can be impaired and remain below pre-exercise levels until 72 hours after this type of exercise.

A

Aerobic exercise

18
Q

Replenishment of intramuscular triglycerides following this type of exercise appears to be rapid and occurs within a few hours.

A

Resistance exercise

19
Q

Increased content of triglyceride synthesizing enzymes after a single bout of aerobic exercise explains ____ of intramuscular triglycerides concentration that occurs following intramuscular triglyceride depletion during exercise.

A

Supercompensation

20
Q

Which group has lower intramuscular triglyceride concentrations and moderate insulin insensitivity? Normal people, athletes, obese people?

A

Normal people

21
Q

Which group has elevated oxidative capacity, higher concentrations of intramuscular triglyceride, and greater insulin insensitivity? Normal people, athletes, obese people?

A

Athletes

22
Q

Which group has higher intramuscular triglyceride concentrations and low insulin insensitivity? Normal people, athletes, obese people?

A

Obese people

23
Q

What is the first step of converting triacylglycerol into free fatty acid?

A

Triacylglycerol (TAG) is converted into diacylglycerol (DAG) by aidpose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)

24
Q

After triacylglycerol is converted into diacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating free fatty acid?

A

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is converted into monoacylglycerol (MAG) by hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)

25
Q

After diacylglycerol is converted into monoacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating free fatty acid?

A

Monoacylglycerol (MAG) is converted into free fatty acid (FFA) by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL)

26
Q

What is the first step of converting free fatty acid into triacyl glycerol?

A

Free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol is converted into monoacylglycerol (MAG) by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)

27
Q

After free fatty acid is converted into monoacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating triacylglycerol?

A

Monoacylglycerol (MAG) is converted into diacylglycerol (DAG) by acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT)

28
Q

After monoacylglycerol is converted into diacylglycerol, what is the next step in creating triacylglycerol?

A

Diacylglycerol (DAG) is converted into triacylglycerol (TAG) by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)

29
Q

These are proteins that break down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries. They are produced by muscle and fat cells and release fatty acids into tissues.

A

Lipoprotein lipases

30
Q

Does exercise increase of decrease skeletal muscle LPL?

A

Increases it, while reduced activity causes up to a 10 to 20-fold decrease in LPL activity.

Biochemistry II (16 decks)

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