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Biochemistry II > Energy Systems Overview > Flashcards

Energy Systems Overview Flashcards

1
Q

This type of pathway is characterized by a breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules. It is involved with the capture of energy and is exergonic.

A

Catabolic pathways

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2
Q

This type of pathway is characterized by the combination of smaller molecules to make more complex ones. This process requires energy and is endergonic.

A

Anabolic pathways

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3
Q

Catabolic reactions are typically what type of reaction? Oxidation or Reduction?

A

Oxidation: need oxidized coenzymes (NAD+)

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4
Q

Anabolic reactions are typically what type of reaction? Oxidation or Reduction?

A

Reduction: utilizes NADPH (electron donor)

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5
Q

This system is a coupled reaction that is involved with the fast replacement of ATP. It has a short duration (5-10 sec) and predominates in short explosive activities.

A

ATP-PC system (Phosphagen system and Creatine phosphate system)

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6
Q

What does a coupled reaction mean?

A

Two reactions are happening at the same time

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7
Q

How much energy does creatine phosphate produce?

A

ΔG= -10.3 kcal/mol

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8
Q

What is the key enzyme that is involved with the ATP-PC system?

A

Creatine kinase

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9
Q

What substances inhibit the ATP-PC system? Stimulate?

A
  • ATP and Creatine (excess product) inhibits

- ADP and AMP (reactants) stimulate

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10
Q

What type of muscle fibers would contain higher concentrations of creatine kinase? Fast twitch or slow twitch?

A

Fast twitch

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11
Q

Where does the ATP-PC system pathway take place?

A

Cytosol of mitochondria

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12
Q

What are the products and reactants of the ATP-PC system?

A

Products: ATP
Reactants: ADP, AMP, Pi

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13
Q

This pathway is is characterized by carbohydrate breakdown and is anaerobic.

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

This is one of the two conditions of glycolysis. In this condition pyruvate is converted to lactic acid and alanine.

A

Fast glycolysis

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15
Q

This is one of the two conditions of glycolysis. In this condition pyruvate is taken to the mitochondria where it is utilized in aerobic metabolism.

A

Slow glycolysis

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16
Q

In glycolysis, whether lactic acid is made or pyruvate is sent to the aerobic system, depends on what factors?

A
  • The capacity of the person’s aerobic system

- The level of exercise being performed

17
Q

What is the main product of glycolysis?

A
  • ATP

- Additional products: pyruvate, lactic acid, alanine, and NADH

18
Q

What are the key enzymes of glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase

19
Q

What are some factors that stimulate glycolysis? Inhibit glycolysis?

A

Stimulate: increased ADP, AMP, Pi, and ammonia
Inhibit: increased ATP and creatine phosphate as well as decreased pH

20
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

21
Q

What are the products and reactants of glycolysis?

A

Products: ATP, NADH, pyruvate, lactic acid, and alanine
Reactants: Glucose, ADP, AMP, Pi

22
Q

What are the two components of the aerobic system?

A

Krebs cycle and the electron transport system

23
Q

What substances are oxidized within the aerobic system?

A

Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

24
Q

In general, what happens to fats, carbs, and proteins when they are metabolized?

A
  • FAD is reduced to FADH2
  • NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+
  • CO2, H2O, and ATP are formed
25
Q

In general, what happens during oxidative phosphorylation?

A
  • Oxygen is used
  • FADH2 is oxidized to FAD
  • NADH + H+ is oxidized to NAD+
  • ADP + Pi is converted to ATP
  • H2O is produced
26
Q

In general, what happens during the electron transport chain?

A

Electrons are passed along carriers to create a proton gradient.

27
Q

What is the chemiosmotic theory?

A

When protons flow through a special protein. ATP is created

28
Q

Which system has the greatest production of ATP?

A

The aerobic system

29
Q

Where does the aerobic system function?

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

What are the products and reactants of the aerobic system?

A

Products: ATP, NADH, FADH2
Reactants: Fats, Carbs, proteins, ADP, AMP, Pi, acetyl, citrate, NAD, FAD

31
Q

What is the key enzyme of the aerobic system?

A

Dehydrogenases

32
Q

The time is 0-5 seconds and the intensity is very high. What is the dominant pathway?

A

ATP-PC pathway

33
Q

The time is 30 seconds to 2 minutes and the intensity is high. What is the dominant pathway?

A

Glycolysis (fast)

34
Q

The time is greater than 3 minutes and the intensity is low. What is the dominant pathway?

A

Aerobic system

35
Q

This pathway can make 5 ATPs at a rate of 1.

A

ATP-PC pathway

36
Q

This pathway can make 4 ATPs at a rate of 2.

A

Fast Glycolysis

37
Q

This pathway can make 3 ATPs at a rate of 3.

A

Slow Glycolysis

38
Q

This pathway can make 2 ATP at a rate of 4.

A

Aerobic metabolism (carbohydrate)

39
Q

This pathway can make 1 ATP at a rate of 5.

A

Aerobic metabolism (Fat)

Biochemistry II (16 decks)

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