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VPH > Farm assurance scheme > Flashcards

Farm assurance scheme Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different neurological diseases in cattle?

A
  • Cerebellar hypoplasia
  • BSE
  • Listeria
  • Tetanus
  • Hypomagnesia
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2
Q

Describe the clinical signs of listeria in terms of animals appearance

A
  • Pump handle tail
  • Rigid erect ears
  • Trestle table stance
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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of BSE?

A
  • Hyper aggression
  • Head shaking
  • Low head carriage
  • Hyperesthesia (hyper active)
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4
Q

What was the impact of BSE on UK farming?

A
  • Collapse of export markets
  • Reduced value/ prices for meat which has only just returned
  • Reduced beef production within UK
  • More imports of beef
  • Development of precautionary principle and extension of HACCP INTO FOOD PRODUCTION
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5
Q

What are the key facts of BSE as a disease?

A
  • Neurological disease of cattle (ingest contaminated feed, enters LN, affects brain)
  • approx 5 year incubation period
  • Caused by consumption of BSE infected brain material
  • Source of infection via feed contaminated with MBM
  • No horizontal transmission
  • Small degree vertical transmission in later stages
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6
Q

Why was BSE such a problem?

A
  • Able to cross species barrier (cats/ humans/ zoo animals)
  • Potential zoonotic risk
  • Huge impact of trade
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7
Q

When was BSE identified in the UK?

A

1986

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8
Q

What is MAFF?

A

Ministry of agriculture, fishery and food

  • They represented agriculture and food safety.
  • Kept people in the dark and gave it out on need to know basis
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9
Q

When was the ruminant feed ban introduced and why?

A

1988

  • Prevent recycling of disease through cattle population
  • BSE notifiable and diseased animals were stopped from entering food chain
  • NO MBM could be given to ruminants
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10
Q

Why was the RMBM ban not effective?

A
  • MAFF instructed ban only to ruminanats
  • Not aware how small effective dose was
  • Cross contamination at feed mills preparing MBM for pig/ poultry food mean some still getting to ruminants.
  • Also no fecall on food so farmers using up the stores they still had
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11
Q

When was MBM banned to all species?

A

1996 when nvCJD confirmed link with BSE

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12
Q

Why did FSA implement the methylene blue staining of high risk offal?

A

-Workers would move it from no value to value bins

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13
Q

Give a brief summary of UK original controls of BSE

A

1988: No ruminant MBM/ Removal of suspect cows
1989: SRM material removed from human food chain
1990: SRM removed from animal feed chain
1996: No MBM to any animals
1996-2004: no human consumption of cattle 30months+

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14
Q

How is BSE monitored in the UK now?

A
  • Carcass testing of healthy animals stopped

- Testing restricted to fallen stock over 48 months?

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15
Q

How many cases of nvCJD were diagnosed?

A

178

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16
Q

What useful things have come of the BSE outbreak?

A
  • Meat production industry more clean/ regulated
  • Created national database and cattle ID system (cattle passports/ BCMS)
  • Induced farm assurance schemes
17
Q

What drives farm assurance?

A

Consumer concerns e.g. renewable energy

18
Q

Discuss the national dairy farm scheme

A
  • Set up post BSE outbreak
  • Farms are assessed and given non compliances with 90 days to rectify
  • Health plans are needed
  • Vets encouraged to create a health plan annually
19
Q

What was made compulsory regarding the Beef Red Tractor scheme in 2018?

A
  • Had to have vet involved and produce an audit towards antibiotic use
20
Q

List some of the standards included in the dairy standards farm assurance scheme

A
  • Traceability and assurance status
  • Vermin control
  • Milk production
  • Feed/ water
  • Animal health and welfare
  • Biosecurity and disease
21
Q

What are the aims of Tesco standards?

A

-To satisfy consumers expectations with regard to high standards of animal welfare, food safety, food quality, environmental concerns and value for money

22
Q

Describe the tesco health index

A
  • Farm scored in 5 categories: consumer, welfare, cow heath, calf health, milk quality)
  • Antibiotic use = a negative score (it is weighted to type of antibiotic used)
  • Farmers get a regional ranking and they can be compared with other farms
  • Gives an overall carbon footprint and welfare outcome measure.
23
Q

What other companies have health plans?

A
  • Waitrose: small than Tesco but good traceability and welfare
  • Arlagaarden: large company with health plan spread across Europe
24
Q

What did traditional food safety involve?

A
  • Physical exam e.g. looking for abscesses and end point testing
  • End point testing doesn’t transfer responsibility to the farmer and the testing is costly
  • It is ALWAYS retrospective so doesn’t stop new disease from spreading
25
Q

Describe Longitudinal integrated food assurance (LISA)

A
  • Risk reduction through proactive management at all risk point in food chain
  • Traceability throughout system
  • Responsibility assigned to all areas of food chain
26
Q

How was salmonella controlled in poultry?

A
  • flocks bigger than 350 birds were tested at 4 weeks of age and 2 weeks pre laying.
  • Positive flock sculled with full compensation
27
Q

What is ZNCP?

A

Zoonoses National Control for Salmonella in Pigs

  • Initiated in 2002, used Ab testing for salmonella on tissue samples from abattoir
  • Farms graded on incidence (more than 50% had an AP put in place)
28
Q

What is BPEX?

A

British Pig Executive

- a strategy for the british pig industry

29
Q

Describe the ZAP salmonella Programme

A
  • June 2002
  • Target to reduce prevalence in assured pigs at slaughter by 25% in 3 years
  • ELISA done on meat juices at abattoirs
  • 3 levels (+85%, +60%,-60%)
  • No reduction over first 5 years
  • Replaced by ZNCPig in 2008 with aim to reduce risk to consumers of Pig meat products
  • Focus on whole chain approach to risk reduction
  • In 2012 ZNCPig stopped the meat juice ELISA in favour of new risk assessments
30
Q

How do ZNCPig want to reduce potential contamination risk to pig carcasses in the abattoir?

A
  • Anal bunging
  • Scalding (optimise temp and energy costs)
  • Singeing: measure carcass temp with infra red to check if it helps control Salmonella
31
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

Through faeces and survives well in the environment (hence want to separate animals for poo on pig farms)

  • Bird poo= big risk
  • Rodents increase risk
32
Q

Summarise the main point regarding salmonella control in pigs

A
  • Controls since 2002
  • ALL assured farms need Salmonella control plan
  • No real change in prevalance
  • Famr/ abattoir risk assessment replaced meat juice ELISA
  • No economic incentives for farmers to reduce salmonella
  • 2014 new target for 3 positive per 50 samples and new biosecurity guidance
33
Q

Why was it easier to control Salmonella in chickens than BSE in cattle?

A

-Live test for Salmonella unliike BSE- easier to control

VPH (21 decks)

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