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Copy #3 > FAR - Specific Transactions, Events, & Disclosures - Nonmonetary exchanges > Flashcards

FAR - Specific Transactions, Events, & Disclosures - Nonmonetary exchanges Flashcards

1
Q

Related Parties

A

a partner in transaction can significantly influence the transaction/event/policy

EX: investees, affiliates, pension trusts, owners, family members

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2
Q

Related Party Transactions & Disclosures

A
  • Not arms length because 1 can significantly influence other party or both parties subject to influence of 3rd party

EX: affiliated companies, family

  • DISCLOSURES = MANDATORY in footnotes of financials
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3
Q

Research & Development

A
  • R/D costs expensed for OWN company
  • intangibles purchased & tangibles with alternative future uses are capitalized & depreciated/amortized over estimated useful life as R/D expense
  • amount of R/D exp must be disclosed on face of I/S or footnotes
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4
Q

R/D Activities

A

1) lab research - new knowledge
2) new research findings
3) conceptual formulation
4) evaluate process alternatives
5) modify designs
6) preproduction
7) design new tech
8) construct pilot not useful
9) advance design to MFG stage

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5
Q

NON - R/D Activities

A

1) Commercial production/Engineering
2) Quality control
3) troubleshoot during MFG
4) improve existing production
5) adapt existing capability
6) periodic changes to existing product
7) routine design of tools
8) start facility
9) legal work (patent app)
10) acquire, develop, improve product/process

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6
Q

Elements of R/D

A

1) materials, equip, facilities:
- acquired for R/D, no alternative use, charge to R/D
- alternative uses exist, costs are capitalized
- salaries, wages, related costs

2) intangibles purchased treated as materials
- if capitalized, amortize over U/L

3) R/D services performed by others
- reasonable allocation of indirect costs
(exclude general/admin costs not related to R/D)

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7
Q

Gaap vs IFRS - R/D costs

A

GAAP:

Research/Develop costs are expensed

IFRS:

  • Research costs are expensed
  • Developmental costs are capitalized
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8
Q

Research

A

attempt to discover new knowledge aimed at the development of new products, services, processes, or techniques, or the significant improvement in an existing product

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9
Q

fixed assets used in a single research and development (R&D) project with no alternative use accounted for?

A

Entire cost expensed as R&D immediately

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10
Q

assets used in several research and development (R&D) projects accounted for?

A

Capitalized and depreciated to R&D expense

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11
Q

Areas of concern

A

Required disclosure of vulnerability to conditions/events capable of materially affecting financials in near yr

  • FASB now requires disclosures if conditions give rise to substantial doubt about entities ability to continue as going concern
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12
Q

Sources of risk/uncertainty

A
  • nature of entity’s operations
  • use of estimates in financials
  • certain significant estimates
  • vulnerability to significant concentrations
  • Going concern assessment
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13
Q

Nature of operations

A

info about firm’s products/services, location, markets

  • relative importance of each business type
  • not required to be quantitative
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14
Q

Use of estimates

A

Disclose that estimates:

1) required for many financial statement items
2) are approximations
3) require assumptions about future events

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15
Q

Certain significant estimates

A

estimates - reasonable chance of change such that its effect could be material OR estimate will change within 1 yr of when financials were isued

disclosures:

  • nature of uncertainty
  • estimated effect of change in estimate
  • effect of change in est. on financials

Standard provides examples of areas susceptible to est. changes including:

  • Fair Valuation
  • Inventory
  • Equip Obsolescence
  • Valuation allowances for DTAs
  • Impairment testing
  • Contingencies
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16
Q

Vulnerability due to significant concentrations

A

concentrations = aspects with insufficient diversification

EX: 1 firm with 60% revenues from 1 client

severe impact = significant financial disruption due to vulnerability to significant concentration

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17
Q

Vulnerability due to significant concentrations

Disclosures

A

1) volume of business with customer, supplier, lendor, grantor, contributor
2) revenue from specific products, services, fund-raising sources
3) specific sources of services, materials, labor, licenses
4) market/geo area of operations

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18
Q

Vulnerability due to significant concentrations

Disclosure - meeting 3 criteria

A

1) concentration exists @ b/s date
2) entity = vulnerable b/c of concentration to risk of “severe impact” could cause significant financial disruption to firm in near term
3) reasonably possible (less than probable) that events causing severe impact will occur in near term
* required disclosures that meet above conditions, enable users to assess risk/possible outcomes

19
Q

Segment Reporting

A

corps operate diverse set of businesses

GAAP requires disclosures by major segments to allow assessment of those segments

3 focuses:
1) what is a segment?

2) which segments must report this info?
3) what info is reported?

20
Q

Operating Segment

A

Identified by mgmt as significant component meeting these criteria

1) Generates revenues/expenses
2) Chief Operating Decision maker reviews results
3) Provides financial info about operations

21
Q

Reportable segments

A

Operating segment meeting at least 1 of 3 quantitative tests

  • Not all firm components are operating segments; not all operating segments are reportable segments
22
Q

3 quantitative tests for reportable segment

A

1) revenue
2) operating profit (loss)
3) identifiable assets

  • each uses 10% or more
  • if a test is met, operating segment = reportable segment
23
Q

Segment Reporting

Test 1 - Operating Revenue

A

Segment’s revenue (internal + external) that is >/= 10% of combined revenues of all operating segments

24
Q

Segment Reporting

Test 2 - Operating Profit

A

FIRST:
Compute 2 amounts and use larger absolute value

  • combined operating profit of all operating segments reporting positive profit
  • combined operating loss of all operating segments reporting an operating loss

SECOND:
If absolute value of operating segment’s operating profit/loss = >/= 10% of larger amount above, then = reportable segment

25
Q

Segment Reporting

Test 3 - Identifiable Asset

A

Operating segment’s identifiable assets that are >/= 10% of combined assets of all operating segments

26
Q

Segment Reporting

Revenue Rule (added measure to assess significant segment)

A

( Sales to unaffiliated customers / Consolidated revenues ) >/= 75% of consolidated revenues

*more than 10 reportable segments may exceed cost-benefit constraint

27
Q

Segment Reporting

Reportable Segment Disclosures

A
  • segment description
  • factors to identify segments
  • types of products/services
  • earnings, total assets
  • external revenue & internal revenue
  • depreciation, amortization, and depletion
  • unusual & infrequent expenses
  • income tax expense
  • interest revenue/expenses
  • required for interim reporting
  • reconciliation needed between segments = items & consolidated items
  • restate previously reporting info for changes in internal organization
28
Q

Segment Reporting

Entity-wide Disclosures

A
  • info about products, services, geo areas

- 1 customer accounts for 10% or more of firm’s revenues, that fact must be disclosed

29
Q

true/false

Only one needs to be met for a segment to be reportable

A

segments cannot be counted twice to be reportable!

true

30
Q

true/false

public business enterprise report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments

A

true

31
Q

Capitalization of Software costs

A

1) firm can capitalize costs related to internal development of computer software once software reached TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY
2) Technological feasibility = point when program/model is complete, but not on market yet

32
Q

Computer Software Costs

Acct @ Each Stage

A

R/D -> Expensed
Technological Feasibility -> Capitalize
Marketing -> Depreciate

33
Q

Computer Software Costs

Amortization

A

Annual amortization =

greater of

1) S/L Amortization OR
2) Current Revenue X Cost / Total Expected Revenue

34
Q

Computer Software Costs

GAAP vs IFRS

A

GAAP

Software costs expensed until technological feasibility

IFRS

Software costs related to research are expensed, costs are capitalized

35
Q

Cloud Computing Software Costs

A

1) acquisition of software license should be capitalized

2) service contract should be expensed

36
Q

Criteria for Software Liability

A

1) customer has contractual right to take possession of software at any time during hosting period w/o significant penalty

significant penalty = customer can take delivery w/o incurring costs/can use software separately w/o significant reduction in utility/value

2) It’s feasible for customer to either run software on it’s own hardware OR contract with another party unrelated to vendor to host software

37
Q

revenue method for computer software.

A

BV @ BOY X proportion of current yr revenue to toral remaining expected revenues including current yr revenues

38
Q

software production costs accounted for?

A

Capitalize to inventory and expense as cost of goods sold

39
Q

cost of developing software for internal purposes is true/false

expensed up to the “application development stage” at which point the effort appears to be leading to a useable application. After that point, costs are capitalized. capitalized costs are amortized over the useful life of the product.

A

true

40
Q

Subsequent Event

A

occur after b/s date, but before financials are issued

EX: uncollectible A/R, lawsuits, debt/securities issuance, major acquisitions

  • FULL DISCLOSURE NEEDED
41
Q

Subsequent Events

condition @ b/s date

condition not at b/s date

A

conditions existed @ b/s date:

RECOGNITION in Financials

conditions did not exist @ b/s date:

DISCLOSURES in footnotes

42
Q

Subsequent Events

GAAP vs IFRS

A

GAAP

1) cut-off date = when financials issued/available to issuance
2) require adj. for share splits after b/s date and before financials are issued
3) refinancing, amendments/waivers considered in determining debt classification as current/non-current

IFRS

1) cut-off date = financials considered authorized for issuance
2) doesn’t require adj. for share splits after b/s date and before financials are issued
3) refinancing, amendments/waivers, NOT considered in determining classification of debt as current/non-current

43
Q

When can refinancing current debt be classified as noncurrent?

A

1) Issue stock to extinguish debt;
2) Refinance current liab with a noncurrent liab;
3) Enter into an irrevocable agreement to refinance the current liability with a noncurrent liability.

44
Q

true/false

Any difference between the estimated and actual loss is treated as a change in estimate in a future period

A

true

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