Family 1

Question 1

What are the different dimensions of parenting?

Answer 1

Expressed affection
involvement
parent child conflict
control
monitoring
teaching - diff ideas about whether it is left to school to teach
security - need a secure base for attachment to occur

Question 2

Diana Baumrind

Answer 2

Assessed four dimensions of parenting on 134 pre school children and mothers, middle class, white families:
control
nurturance
clarity of communication
maturity demands
these create 4 distinct parenting styles

Question 3

Baumrind’s parenting styles model

Answer 3

High responsiveness and high demanding less - authoritative
high responsiveness and low demandingness - permissive
low responsiveness and high demandigness - authoritarian
low responsiveness and low demandingness - neglectful

Question 4

What is the authoritarian parenting style?

Answer 4

High on control and demandingness
Expect orders to be obeyed without explanation
Low on nurturance and responsiveness - rarely praise child’s achievments

Question 5

What is the permissive parenting style?

Answer 5

High on love and affection, but exercise limited control and place few demands on children

Question 6

What is the authoritative parenting style?

Answer 6

High levels of warmth and achievement demands

Firm, but non-punitive control, open communication between parent and child

Question 7

What is the neglect parenting style?

Answer 7

Not responsive or demanding

actively rejecting or neglect child care responsiblities

Question 8

What are children like who have authoritarian parents?

Answer 8

low levels of independence and social responsibility

Question 9

What are children like who have permissive parents?

Answer 9

aimless
immature
lack impulse control and self reliance
lacking in social responsibility and independence

Question 10

What are children like who have authoritative parents?

Answer 10

most competent
self relient
socially responsible
keen to achieve, cooperative

Question 11

What are children like who have neglectful parents?

Answer 11

Most harmful

low levels of cognitive and social competence

Question 12

Parenting style on adolescent school performance - Dornbusch et al

Answer 12

Data collected from 7,836 adolescents in san Fransisco
Questionnaires of authoritarian, permissive and authoritative parenting

Results: children of purely authoritative had the highest grades, lowest grades for parents who were authoritarian and permissive

Question 13

Example of authoritarian parenting

Answer 13

Parents tell youth not to argue with adults, parents are correct and shouldn’t be questioned

Question 14

Example of permissive parenting

Answer 14

Hard work in school is not important to parents, there are no rules concerning watching tv

Question 15

Example of authoritative parenting

Answer 15

Emphasize that everyone should help with decisions in the family, parents tell youth to look at both sides of issues

Question 16

Are there child to parent effects - do children elicit different types of parenting?

Answer 16

Yes

Some of this is appropriate, responsive parenting - adapting to different developmental stages and temperaments

some is unfair - more attractive infants elicit more affectionate and playful interactions from mothers

some is about children’s growing agency

Question 17

Bidirectionality

Answer 17

Age 4 parenting predicted conduct problems at age 7, and age 4 conduct problems predicted negative parenting at age 7 - clear bidirectional finding
7-9 - prediction of parenting to conduct problems, but no evidence of conduct problems to parenting

Question 18

Family systems theory

Answer 18

There are lots of subsystems in a family, which overlap, meaning they develop alongside one another:
father child
mother child
matital relationship

all influence one another

Question 19

What are the components of the systems theory?

Answer 19

Minuchin 
Wholeness
Integrity of subsystems
Circularity of influence
Stability and change

Question 20

Wholeness

Answer 20

A system is organised whole that is greater than sum of its parts - if you know characteristics of each individual, won’t tell you everything

Question 21

Integrity of subsystems

Answer 21

Systems are composed of subsystems that may be studied in their own right

Question 22

Circularity of influence

Answer 22

All components are mutually independent, change in one has implications for all (e.g. marital breakdown impacts parent child relationship)

Question 23

Stability and change

Answer 23

Systems are open to outside influences that may change it - suffering a job loss