Families Coping with Stress Flashcards
The study of family stress began during the 1930s and the Depression. ____ did a lot of research on family stress and developed the ABCX Model of family stress.
Reuben Hill
Boss addressed recent developments of family stress theory. What are they?
- The introduction of the mind-body family connection.
- The reintroduction of family resilience.
- Increased emphasis on the role of spirituality and faith.
- Increase in the recognition of post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Increased use of disaster teams.
- Increased emphasis on stress resulting from caring for an individual.
- Recognition that the demands created by balancing work and family result in high stress levels.
- Shift to emphasis on individuals’ and families’ perceptions, interpretations, and beliefs.
- Adaptation of social constructionism.
- Increase in use of narrative analysis.
Family stress theory looks at the (1). System theory states that the system is (2) the sum of its parts.
- Entire family unit
2. More than
The ____ is the external environment in which the family is imbedded.
Ecosystem
In the ABCX Model…
A (the stressor event) interacts with B (the family’s resources or strengths) interacts with C (the meaning attached to the event) equals X (the stress or crisis)
True or false: Both positive and negative events can be stressors.
True
What is the difference between normal and non-normative events?
Normal events are part of everyday life and represent transitions inherent in the family life cycle (birth or death of a family member, child’s school entry, retirement); normative stressors are of short duration. Non normative events are the product of some unique situation that could not be predicted and is likely not to be repeated (ex: natural disasters, loss of a job, automobile accident).
Ten dimensions of Family Stressor Events are…
- Internality vs. externality
- Pervasiveness vs. boundedness
- Precipitate onset vs. gradual onset
- Intensity vs. mildness
- Transitoriness vs. chronicity
- Randomness vs. expectability
- Natural generation vs. artificial generation
- Scarcity vs. surplus
- Perceived solvability vs. perceived in unsolvability
- Substantive content
____ is the clustering of stressor events.
Stress pileup
What are the two types of ambiguous loss?
The first type is a personal being physically absent but psychologically or emotionally present. The second type is when a person is physically present but psychologically/emotionally absent.
What are some additional factors that could influence families’ perceptions in a stressful situation?
Spirituality, values and beliefs, culture, and stage of the family life cycle
The difference in families’ physical and emotional responses to stressful stimuli is called…
Vulnerability
Family system resources–internal attributes of the family unit. Those families that register high on adaptability and family cohesion are likely to…
Be most successful in adjusting to stress.
Social support is one of the most important community resources. It includes…
Emotional support, esteem support, and network support.
True or false. Research does not indicate that an individual’s cognitive appraisal of life events strongly influence the response.
False.
How does Boss differentiate between crisis and stress?
Crisis: a) a disturbance in the equilibrium that is so overwhelming, b) pressure that is so severe, and c) change that is so acute that the family system is blocked, immobilized, and incapacitated
Stress: merely a state of changed or disturbed equilibrium
What are cognitive coping strategies?
Refers to the ways in which individual family members alter their subjective perceptions of stressful events.
What are three types of coping responses?
Direct action, intrapsychic, controlling the emotions
Coping is…
People’s efforts in dealing with a stressor
They are situation specific
Coping is a process
It is progressively modified over time
Process of achieving balance in the family system
Coping can also become a source of stress (direct and indirect damage to the family system and interfering with additional adaptive behaviors).
What is adaptation?
Families recovering from stress in desirable ways
A family’s _____ describes the process of the family’s ability to recover from stress or crisis.
Resiliency
What is the difference between adjustment and adaptation?
Adjustment: short-term response by a family that changes the situation only momentarily
Adaptation: a change in the family system that evolves over a longer period of time or is intended to have long-term consequences
_____ and _____ have revised the ABCX Model to have a better understanding of the stress pileups, the attained resources, the changed perceptions, and the coping processes of the families.
Patterson and McCubbin
The term (1) has replaced (2) to describe how people thrive in the face of adversity.
1) resilience, 2) competence
