"Emotional and Intellectual Basis of Stress" Study Guide Flashcards
Describe what personality is.
The personality is a collection of thoughts, attitudes, values, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors that define how we see ourselves and our environments.
Freud sees personality as the struggle between what two forces in our lives?
He believed that the human personality develops as a result of a struggle between the conscious and unconscious forces.
What was Eric Erikson’s perception of personality?
He also believed that personality develops as a result of a struggle between the conscious and unconscious forces, but these forces are present in eight stages. These eight stages are trust vs. mistrust; autonomy vs. shame; initiative vs. guilt; industry vs. inferiority; identity vs. role confusion; intimacy vs. isolation; generatively vs. stagnation; and ego integrity vs. despair.
Which of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development are you in currently?
Intimacy vs. isolation
Jean Piaget focused on stages of ___ development.
Cognitive
Describe Abraham Masclow’s Hierarchy of Needs
He believed that all humans are unique and are capable of growing and reaching their utmost potential. He believed that all people are capable of reaching their highest potential if they progress through a series of developmental stages: basic physiological integrity; safety and security; belonging and love; ego-strength and self-esteem; self-actualization and fulfillment.
Describe the characteristics of a Type A personality.
Competitive, verbally aggressive, hard-driving, unable to relax, very time conscious; easily angered; hostile
What does a Type B personality look like?
It is the complete opposite of a Type A personality. Relaxed, more willing for change, flexible with their schedules, more calm and easygoing, etc. They are also significantly less prone to anger and hostility.
Why is a Type C Personality referred to as cancer-prone?
Studies conducted point to a relationship between personality attributes and cancer. Hopelessness is seen as a key predictor of cervical cancer.
What is meant by learned helplessness and who developed this concept?
Learned helplessness is a learned response to failure. Seligman developed this concept.
Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): It is our irrational thoughts and beliefs that cause stress, not the event itself (our perception of the event). Negative self-talk compounds the level of stress. Can you give some examples of irrational thoughts (beliefs)?
a) awfulizing statements–exaggerate the negative effects of a situation
b) shoulds/musts/oughts–set illogical demands on oneself and others
c) evaluation of worth statements–imply that some people or things are worthless or a complete waste of time
d) need statements–set unrealistic, unattainable requirements for happiness
What are the eight personalities that Millon described as stress-prone?
1) aggressive
2) narcissistic
3) histrionic
4) dependent
5) passive-aggressive
6) compulsive
7) avoidant
8) schizoid
Intellectual resources—the personality attributes that are related to one’s cognitive abilities. Who came up with this concept?
Richard Lazarus
According to Lazarus, which are the five intellectual resources?
Intelligence, life experience, verbal and written communication, creativity, and problem solving
