Families Flashcards
The continuity View
Explains relationships with family members as: Models for future interaction with authority figures, peers, and intimate friends; settings that include the confidence with which adolescents interact with peers, and contexts for gross-generational dissemination of family expectations.
Working Parents and Adolescents Adjustment. What are the Issues?
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Insecure Attachment
Infants, children, and adolescents either avoid the caregiver or show considerable resistance or ambivalence toward the caregiver. Insecure attachment is theorised to be related to difficulties in relationships and problems in later development.
The Discontinuity View
Emphasises the contrasting hierarchical quality in relationships as relationships change and grow over time due to: interacting with peers, authority figures, and new experiences.
Boundary Ambiguity
Where a lack of uncertainty that makes adjustment difficult. A lack of understanding about about responsibility for tasks, increases uncertainty.
Birth Order is an important consideration in adolescent development / The text distinguishes between two types of birth order:
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Parent-Adolescent Conflict
The search for autonomy can lead to conflict in some familes.
A psychologically unhealthy family is often controlling and does not allow for a sense of independence etc.
Unresolved / Disorganised Attachment
Is an insecure category in which the adolescent has an unusually high level of fear and might be disorientated. Results from traumatic experiences such as the death of a caregiver or abuse from caregiver.
Multiple Developmental Trajectories
Refers to the fact that adults follow one trajectory and children and adolescents follow another.
How these trajectories mesh is important.
Adoption / What is it, and what are the factors?
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Preoccupied / Ambivalent Attachment
An insecure attachment category in which adolescents are hyper attuned to attachment experiences. Mainly results as parents are inconsistently available to the adolescent. Results in a high degree of attachment seeking behaviour and inhibits healthy development.
The family can be thought of as subsystems
Each family member belonging to several of these subsystems. Divisions of labor among family members define subunits, and attachments define others. Each family member is a member of several subsystems
Some dyadic, some polyadic.
Interactions various depending on who is present.
Should Parents Stay Together for the Sake of Their Children and Adolescents?
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Adult Attachment Interview
Examines memories of attachment relationships and, based on responses, individuals are classified. As children become autonomous it is psychologically normal for them to be attached to their parents:
Dismissing / Avoidant Attachment
Is an insecure attachment category in which individuals deemphasise the importance of attachment. Associated with persistent experiences of rejection of attachment needs by caregivers.
Reciprocal Socialisation
Defines the process by which both parents and children influence each other, and this process results in constant change, as do all developmental processes:
Relationships are more important to the development of adolescents and more positive than once thought.
Developmental Construction Views:
Believe that when people grow up they obtain modes of relating to others. Within this framework there are two variations explaining how relationships develop, the continuity view and the discontinuity view.
Secure Attachment
Involves a positive, enduring emotional bond between two people. In infancy, childhood and adolescence, secure attachment usually involves an emotional bond between a child and caregiver that benefits the child exploration of the environment and further development. In adulthood, secure attachment can take place not only between caregivers and children, but also between two people in a relationship.
Central to the development of a social competence.
What are the issues with social policy and adolescents?
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What Factors are Involved in the Adolescents Risk and Vulnerability in a Divorced Family?
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There are three important characteristics of sibling relationships:
Also reflect contradictory feelings and interests.
