Families Flashcards
What type of family has many generations but not many within each generation?
Beanpole
Which sociologist coined the term Warm Bath Theory
Parsons
Name one way in which childhood could be said to be toxic.
Junk Food, Technology and Video Games, Lack of parental engagement.
Which sociologist is associated with the sociology of personal life?
Carol Smart
Which sociologist thinks that Childhood is disappearing?
Postman
Identify one government policy from the last 40 years which has impacted the family (1970+).
Childrens Act, Civil Partnerships, Child Support Agency, Paternity Leave, New Deal, Gay Marriage Act, Sex Discrimination Act, Equal Pay Act
Which sociologist completed a study looking at housewives and housework?
Anne Oakley
What is the triple shift?
Emotional Support, Paid Work, Domestic Labour
Which family type has the mother in charge?
Matrifocal
Which perspective believes that the traditional family is disintegrating which is leading to the collapse of society?
New Right
What is the general trend in births since 1900?
Decline
Give one reason for the rise in divorce.
Divorce reform Act, Secularisation, Less Stigma, Rise in expectations, changing role of women.
What is a social norm?
Unwritten rule of behaviour
Define the term infant mortality rate.
The number of infant deaths before their first birthday per thousand live births per year.
What is the difference between an arranged marriage and a forced marriage?
Arranged marriage means they still have choice, but a forced marriage does not have choice and is illegal.
How often is the UK census completed?
10 years
What is migration?
The movement from one country to another.
What term is used to describe a family where there are multiple wives?
Polygyny
What is a symmetrical Family?
Where there is equality between the partners in terms of domestic labour and decision making.
What is the definition of fertility rate?
The average number of children a women will have during her childbearing years
What is the expressive role?
The emotional support and caring role
Which sociologist is associated with toxic childhood?
Sue Palmer
Which sociologists is associated with the Cushioning Effect
Zarestsky
What does the term Dark side of the family refer to?
Abuse and Violence in the family
What is a neo-conventional family?
Dual earning family with traditional roles
What are the 5 types of diversity according to the Rapoports?
Cultural, Life course, Organisational, Generational, Social Class.
Give one reason for the rise in cohabitation.
Secularisation, Less stigma, womens financial independence, rising disillusionment with marriage.
Who are the two main Functionalist thinkers who discuss the family?
Murdock and Parsons
What are the 4 functions of the family according to Murdock?
Economic, Reproduction, Socialisation, Stabilisation of Sex Drive.
What is the definition of death rate?
Number of deaths per year per 1000 of the population.
What are three types of feminism?
Radical, Liberal, Marxist, Duel Systems, Intersectional
What is the postmodernist view of the family?
We create the family that suits are needs at that moment in time.
What is meant by Joint Conjugal roles?
Partners share the domestic labour and leisure time.
What is the term for when society and families focus on the needs of the children?
Child Centered
Define the term family.
A group of people bonded by blood or legal means.
What is the divorce rate.
The number of divorces per 1000 married couple per year.
Who is associated with the negotiated family and individualisation theory?
Beck
What is the general trend in marriages in the past 50 years?
Decline
Identify one inequality between children and adults.
Neglect, Abuse, control over time, space, bodies and resources.
Give one reason for the change in position of children
Introduction of compulsory school, Child protection legislation, Childrens rights, Declining family size.
What is a pure relationship?
A relationship that is held together by choice and love, not tradition or social norms.
Give one reason for the rise in the symmetrical family.
Changing role of women, Geographical Mobility, New Technology, Higher Standards of living.
What is age patriarchy?
Adult domination over children.
Who believed that childhood is not disappearing but changing?
Opie
Which sociologists are associated with the March of Progress view?
Wilmott and Young
What is the difference between Emigration and immigration?
Emigration is leaving the country, Immigration is entering.
Who looked into the historical differences in childhood?
Aries
What is the information hierarchy
The division between adults who can read and children who cannot.
Pahland Volger identified two ways that money is controlled in the family. What are they?
Pooling and Allowance
What is the dependency ratio?
The relationship between the working population and non working / dependent population.
What is meant by fictive kin?
Friends that you treat as family.
Who suggested that domestic violence is caused by patriarchy and the need for men to assert their power over women?
Dobash and Dobash
What is the duel burden?
Domestic Labour and Emotional Support
Which perspective sees the rising divorce rate as meaning that people have more choice over their lives?
Postmodernism
What is the instrumental role?
The breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family usually the male.
What is meant by a social construct?
Social phenomena that is created and varies from society to society.
Give one reason for the decline in birth rate.
Changing role of women, introduction of contraception, decline in infant mortality rate, Child centeredness, Children as economic liabilities.
Give one reason for the rise of lone parent families.
Changing role of women, rise of divorce, single by choice, fertility technology
Who is associated with the cultural explanation for the domestic division of labour.
Gurshuny, Man Yee Kan, Dunne
What is the information hierarchy
The division between adults who can read and children who cannot.
Who investigated the Tikopia tribe in relation to Children?
Firth
Give one reason for the decline in death rate.
Improved Nutrition, Medical Improvements, smoking and diet, decline in dangerous manual occupations, better public health measures.
What is meant by life expectancy?
How long the average person will live for.
What is net migration?
The difference between the number of people leaving a country and the number who enter it.
Who argued against Postman stating that childhood was not disappearing?
Opie
How does the family support capitalism according to the Marxists?
Inheritance of Wealth, Passing on of private property unit of consumption, providing the next generation of workers.
Give one impact of an aging population
Higher dependency ratio, more extended family, more demand for social services.
Who is the main thinker in the New Right?
Charles Murray
What is the sociological Cage?
Class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity
What did Parsons mean by functional fit?
Families change structure to fit the needs of society.
What is a LAT?
Living apart together
What is a reconstituted Family?
Step Family Partners bring children from previous relation to a new relationship.
What is a extended Family?
Family which includes grand parents, aunts, Uncles and cousins etc.
What does Patriarchy mean?
Male dominance in society.
What type of family was most prominent in pre-industrial society?
Extended family
What type of household counted for 11 per cent of all households in 2011?
Single Person
Which sociologist is associated with the neo conventional family?
Chester
What is an empty nest family?
When children have grown up and left home
In what 4 ways to adults control Children?
Space, Time, Resources and Bodies.
What is an endogamous Marriage?
Marriage within the same ethnic group, social class or religion.
What is a household?
A group of people who live under the same roof, share bills and resources but are not related by blood or legal means.
What is the difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?
Has have asked to be a refugee but not been processed yet.
Give one reason why families have become more child centred.
Less Children, More resources, Laws
Name the four types of marital breakdown?
Divorce, Separation, Annulment, Empty Shell.
What is serial monogamy?
Sexually exclusive relationships that follow one after another.
What is meant by a sandwich generation?
The generation that is looking after both their own children and their elderly parents at the same time.
Name one way that Postman suggests that childhood is disappearing.
Information Hierarchy, crime, sexualisation, blurring of responsibilities.
What term did Parsons use to explain the process of social institutions changing to fit the needs of society.
Structural Differentiation
What do radical feminists mean by political lesbianism?
Getting rid of sexual politics by only having sex with other women regardless of sexuality.
What is confluent love?
A relationship that last only as long as it is convenient and meets expectations.
How did Aries investigate the historical relativity of childhood.
Through Paintings and Photographs
What term is used by Parsons to describe the role of the breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family.
Instrumental Role
Give two reasons why domestic violence is under reported.
Fear, Belief they deserve it, not knowing they are a victim
In which ethnic group are matrifocal single parent families most common?
Afro-Caribbean
What term is used to describe a marriage with more than two partners?
Polygamy
What is an ascribed status?
The status that you are born with.
What is the difference between empty nest and empty shell marriage?
Empty nest means children have left home. Empty shell means there is no love between the partners but usually stay together for children.
Before the Divorce Reform Act what three reasons could be given by a woman for wanting divorce?
Abuse, Abandonment or Adultery
What is an extended family?
3 or more generations living in close proximity to each other.
What are the three main causes of domestic violence?
Husbands expectations regarding a womans domestic work. Possessiveness and sexual jealousy. Allocation of family resources (money). Crisis of masculinity
What is the cereal packet family?
The ideal family type seen in the media, usually two parents and two children.
What is meant by the aging population?
People are living longer
Give one reason for the ageing population.
Better health care, more education, better living standards, safer working conditions.
Name three sociologists that studied domestic violence
Dobash and Dobash ,Pahl, Pinney, Abbot and Wallace, Walker
What is cohabitation?
A loving couple that live together but are not married
Give one reason for the rise in cohabitation.
Cost of weddings, using it as a pre-marriage test, Rise in divorce
What term is used for people who leave their country of birth to live somewhere else?
Emigration
Give one reason other than the divorce reform act for the rise in divorce.
Rising expectations, changing social expectations, ageing population.
What is the main difference between postmodernist and sociology of personal life views of the family.
Personal life suggest choices are based on experiences.
Give one way that the line between childhood and adulthood has become less clear.
Clothing, activities, access to information, sexualisation of children.
Who believed that the march of progress view is an over exaggeration as women still do a majority of domestic labour?
Anne Oakley
Who suggested that the nuclear family was a universal institution?
Murdock
Give one reason for the rise in family diversity.
Immigration, individualisation, material factors, social values.
Which Marxist thinker believed that the nuclear family is a tool of capitalism by enabling the inheritance of wealth?
Engles
Who takes the march of progress view of the roles in the family?
Wilmott and Young
What is a kibbutz?
An Israeli commune of equal living
What is meant by maternal deprivation?
When a person does not have a mother figure in their lives.
What is meant by Dependency Culture?
When the population relies on the government for handouts and benefits.
Sociologists refer the childhood as what?
Social Construction
What is the key feminist concept which refers to male dominance?
Patriarchy
