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NEW AQA Sociology Shortened Cards at PHS > Families > Flashcards

Families Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of family has many generations but not many within each generation?

A

Beanpole

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2
Q

Which sociologist coined the term Warm Bath Theory

A

Parsons

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3
Q

Name one way in which childhood could be said to be toxic.

A

Junk Food, Technology and Video Games, Lack of parental engagement.

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4
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the sociology of personal life?

A

Carol Smart

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5
Q

Which sociologist thinks that Childhood is disappearing?

A

Postman

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6
Q

Identify one government policy from the last 40 years which has impacted the family (1970+).

A

Childrens Act, Civil Partnerships, Child Support Agency, Paternity Leave, New Deal, Gay Marriage Act, Sex Discrimination Act, Equal Pay Act

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7
Q

Which sociologist completed a study looking at housewives and housework?

A

Anne Oakley

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8
Q

What is the triple shift?

A

Emotional Support, Paid Work, Domestic Labour

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9
Q

Which family type has the mother in charge?

A

Matrifocal

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10
Q

Which perspective believes that the traditional family is disintegrating which is leading to the collapse of society?

A

New Right

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11
Q

What is the general trend in births since 1900?

A

Decline

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12
Q

Give one reason for the rise in divorce.

A

Divorce reform Act, Secularisation, Less Stigma, Rise in expectations, changing role of women.

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13
Q

What is a social norm?

A

Unwritten rule of behaviour

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14
Q

Define the term infant mortality rate.

A

The number of infant deaths before their first birthday per thousand live births per year.

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15
Q

What is the difference between an arranged marriage and a forced marriage?

A

Arranged marriage means they still have choice, but a forced marriage does not have choice and is illegal.

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16
Q

How often is the UK census completed?

A

10 years

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17
Q

What is migration?

A

The movement from one country to another.

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18
Q

What term is used to describe a family where there are multiple wives?

A

Polygyny

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19
Q

What is a symmetrical Family?

A

Where there is equality between the partners in terms of domestic labour and decision making.

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20
Q

What is the definition of fertility rate?

A

The average number of children a women will have during her childbearing years

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21
Q

What is the expressive role?

A

The emotional support and caring role

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22
Q

Which sociologist is associated with toxic childhood?

A

Sue Palmer

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23
Q

Which sociologists is associated with the Cushioning Effect

A

Zarestsky

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24
Q

What does the term Dark side of the family refer to?

A

Abuse and Violence in the family

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25
Q

What is a neo-conventional family?

A

Dual earning family with traditional roles

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26
Q

What are the 5 types of diversity according to the Rapoports?

A

Cultural, Life course, Organisational, Generational, Social Class.

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27
Q

Give one reason for the rise in cohabitation.

A

Secularisation, Less stigma, womens financial independence, rising disillusionment with marriage.

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28
Q

Who are the two main Functionalist thinkers who discuss the family?

A

Murdock and Parsons

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29
Q

What are the 4 functions of the family according to Murdock?

A

Economic, Reproduction, Socialisation, Stabilisation of Sex Drive.

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30
Q

What is the definition of death rate?

A

Number of deaths per year per 1000 of the population.

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31
Q

What are three types of feminism?

A

Radical, Liberal, Marxist, Duel Systems, Intersectional

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32
Q

What is the postmodernist view of the family?

A

We create the family that suits are needs at that moment in time.

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33
Q

What is meant by Joint Conjugal roles?

A

Partners share the domestic labour and leisure time.

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34
Q

What is the term for when society and families focus on the needs of the children?

A

Child Centered

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35
Q

Define the term family.

A

A group of people bonded by blood or legal means.

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36
Q

What is the divorce rate.

A

The number of divorces per 1000 married couple per year.

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37
Q

Who is associated with the negotiated family and individualisation theory?

A

Beck

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38
Q

What is the general trend in marriages in the past 50 years?

A

Decline

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39
Q

Identify one inequality between children and adults.

A

Neglect, Abuse, control over time, space, bodies and resources.

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40
Q

Give one reason for the change in position of children

A

Introduction of compulsory school, Child protection legislation, Childrens rights, Declining family size.

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41
Q

What is a pure relationship?

A

A relationship that is held together by choice and love, not tradition or social norms.

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42
Q

Give one reason for the rise in the symmetrical family.

A

Changing role of women, Geographical Mobility, New Technology, Higher Standards of living.

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43
Q

What is age patriarchy?

A

Adult domination over children.

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44
Q

Who believed that childhood is not disappearing but changing?

A

Opie

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45
Q

Which sociologists are associated with the March of Progress view?

A

Wilmott and Young

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46
Q

What is the difference between Emigration and immigration?

A

Emigration is leaving the country, Immigration is entering.

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47
Q

Who looked into the historical differences in childhood?

A

Aries

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48
Q

What is the information hierarchy

A

The division between adults who can read and children who cannot.

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49
Q

Pahland Volger identified two ways that money is controlled in the family. What are they?

A

Pooling and Allowance

50
Q

What is the dependency ratio?

A

The relationship between the working population and non working / dependent population.

51
Q

What is meant by fictive kin?

A

Friends that you treat as family.

52
Q

Who suggested that domestic violence is caused by patriarchy and the need for men to assert their power over women?

A

Dobash and Dobash

53
Q

What is the duel burden?

A

Domestic Labour and Emotional Support

54
Q

Which perspective sees the rising divorce rate as meaning that people have more choice over their lives?

A

Postmodernism

55
Q

What is the instrumental role?

A

The breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family usually the male.

56
Q

What is meant by a social construct?

A

Social phenomena that is created and varies from society to society.

57
Q

Give one reason for the decline in birth rate.

A

Changing role of women, introduction of contraception, decline in infant mortality rate, Child centeredness, Children as economic liabilities.

58
Q

Give one reason for the rise of lone parent families.

A

Changing role of women, rise of divorce, single by choice, fertility technology

59
Q

Who is associated with the cultural explanation for the domestic division of labour.

A

Gurshuny, Man Yee Kan, Dunne

60
Q

What is the information hierarchy

A

The division between adults who can read and children who cannot.

61
Q

Who investigated the Tikopia tribe in relation to Children?

A

Firth

62
Q

Give one reason for the decline in death rate.

A

Improved Nutrition, Medical Improvements, smoking and diet, decline in dangerous manual occupations, better public health measures.

63
Q

What is meant by life expectancy?

A

How long the average person will live for.

64
Q

What is net migration?

A

The difference between the number of people leaving a country and the number who enter it.

65
Q

Who argued against Postman stating that childhood was not disappearing?

A

Opie

66
Q

How does the family support capitalism according to the Marxists?

A

Inheritance of Wealth, Passing on of private property unit of consumption, providing the next generation of workers.

67
Q

Give one impact of an aging population

A

Higher dependency ratio, more extended family, more demand for social services.

68
Q

Who is the main thinker in the New Right?

A

Charles Murray

69
Q

What is the sociological Cage?

A

Class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity

70
Q

What did Parsons mean by functional fit?

A

Families change structure to fit the needs of society.

71
Q

What is a LAT?

A

Living apart together

72
Q

What is a reconstituted Family?

A

Step Family Partners bring children from previous relation to a new relationship.

73
Q

What is a extended Family?

A

Family which includes grand parents, aunts, Uncles and cousins etc.

74
Q

What does Patriarchy mean?

A

Male dominance in society.

75
Q

What type of family was most prominent in pre-industrial society?

A

Extended family

76
Q

What type of household counted for 11 per cent of all households in 2011?

A

Single Person

77
Q

Which sociologist is associated with the neo conventional family?

A

Chester

78
Q

What is an empty nest family?

A

When children have grown up and left home

79
Q

In what 4 ways to adults control Children?

A

Space, Time, Resources and Bodies.

80
Q

What is an endogamous Marriage?

A

Marriage within the same ethnic group, social class or religion.

81
Q

What is a household?

A

A group of people who live under the same roof, share bills and resources but are not related by blood or legal means.

82
Q

What is the difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?

A

Has have asked to be a refugee but not been processed yet.

83
Q

Give one reason why families have become more child centred.

A

Less Children, More resources, Laws

84
Q

Name the four types of marital breakdown?

A

Divorce, Separation, Annulment, Empty Shell.

85
Q

What is serial monogamy?

A

Sexually exclusive relationships that follow one after another.

86
Q

What is meant by a sandwich generation?

A

The generation that is looking after both their own children and their elderly parents at the same time.

87
Q

Name one way that Postman suggests that childhood is disappearing.

A

Information Hierarchy, crime, sexualisation, blurring of responsibilities.

88
Q

What term did Parsons use to explain the process of social institutions changing to fit the needs of society.

A

Structural Differentiation

89
Q

What do radical feminists mean by political lesbianism?

A

Getting rid of sexual politics by only having sex with other women regardless of sexuality.

90
Q

What is confluent love?

A

A relationship that last only as long as it is convenient and meets expectations.

91
Q

How did Aries investigate the historical relativity of childhood.

A

Through Paintings and Photographs

92
Q

What term is used by Parsons to describe the role of the breadwinner and disciplinarian of the family.

A

Instrumental Role

93
Q

Give two reasons why domestic violence is under reported.

A

Fear, Belief they deserve it, not knowing they are a victim

94
Q

In which ethnic group are matrifocal single parent families most common?

A

Afro-Caribbean

95
Q

What term is used to describe a marriage with more than two partners?

A

Polygamy

96
Q

What is an ascribed status?

A

The status that you are born with.

97
Q

What is the difference between empty nest and empty shell marriage?

A

Empty nest means children have left home. Empty shell means there is no love between the partners but usually stay together for children.

98
Q

Before the Divorce Reform Act what three reasons could be given by a woman for wanting divorce?

A

Abuse, Abandonment or Adultery

99
Q

What is an extended family?

A

3 or more generations living in close proximity to each other.

100
Q

What are the three main causes of domestic violence?

A

Husbands expectations regarding a womans domestic work. Possessiveness and sexual jealousy. Allocation of family resources (money). Crisis of masculinity

101
Q

What is the cereal packet family?

A

The ideal family type seen in the media, usually two parents and two children.

102
Q

What is meant by the aging population?

A

People are living longer

103
Q

Give one reason for the ageing population.

A

Better health care, more education, better living standards, safer working conditions.

104
Q

Name three sociologists that studied domestic violence

A

Dobash and Dobash ,Pahl, Pinney, Abbot and Wallace, Walker

105
Q

What is cohabitation?

A

A loving couple that live together but are not married

106
Q

Give one reason for the rise in cohabitation.

A

Cost of weddings, using it as a pre-marriage test, Rise in divorce

107
Q

What term is used for people who leave their country of birth to live somewhere else?

A

Emigration

108
Q

Give one reason other than the divorce reform act for the rise in divorce.

A

Rising expectations, changing social expectations, ageing population.

109
Q

What is the main difference between postmodernist and sociology of personal life views of the family.

A

Personal life suggest choices are based on experiences.

110
Q

Give one way that the line between childhood and adulthood has become less clear.

A

Clothing, activities, access to information, sexualisation of children.

111
Q

Who believed that the march of progress view is an over exaggeration as women still do a majority of domestic labour?

A

Anne Oakley

112
Q

Who suggested that the nuclear family was a universal institution?

A

Murdock

113
Q

Give one reason for the rise in family diversity.

A

Immigration, individualisation, material factors, social values.

114
Q

Which Marxist thinker believed that the nuclear family is a tool of capitalism by enabling the inheritance of wealth?

A

Engles

115
Q

Who takes the march of progress view of the roles in the family?

A

Wilmott and Young

116
Q

What is a kibbutz?

A

An Israeli commune of equal living

117
Q

What is meant by maternal deprivation?

A

When a person does not have a mother figure in their lives.

118
Q

What is meant by Dependency Culture?

A

When the population relies on the government for handouts and benefits.

119
Q

Sociologists refer the childhood as what?

A

Social Construction

120
Q

What is the key feminist concept which refers to male dominance?

A

Patriarchy

NEW AQA Sociology Shortened Cards at PHS (8 decks)

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