Famalies Of Organic Compunds Flashcards
Physical properties-Chloroalkanes
Liquids @room temp except chloromethane and chloroethane which are gases
Corresponding alkanes are gases
BP higher then corresponding alkanes due to polar C-Cl bonds
Not soluble in water
Uses of chloroalkanes
Used as Slovents
Removing grease and oil
Dry cleaning
Have potential to damage ozone
Members of chloroalkanes
Chloromethane CH3Cl
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2
Trichloromethane CHCl3
Tetrachloromethane CCL4
Alcohols
Functional group
Methanol CH3OH ethanol C2H5OH Propan-1-ol C3H7OH Propan-2-ol C3H7OH Butan-1-ol C4H9OH Butan-1-ol C4H9OH
OH hydroxyl group
Definition-Functional group
An atom or group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristics properties of an organic compound or series or organic compounds
Primary alcohol
Contains one carbon atom directly attached to the carbon that contains the hydroxyl group
eg ethanol
Secondary alcohol
Contains two carbon atoms directly attached to the carbon that contains hydroxyl group
Eg Propan-2-ol
Tertiary alcohol
Contains three carbon atoms directly attached to the carbon that contains hydroxyl group
Eg 2-methylprpan-2-ol
Physical properties-alcohols
Liquids
BP higher then corresponding alkanes due to polar Oh forming H bonds between molecules
Solubility of methanol
Soluble in water
Not cyclohexane
solubility butan-1-ol
Not soluble in water
Soluble in cyclohexane
Alcohol molecule getting bigger
Polar part becomes less significant
Less soluble in water
More soluble in cyclohexane
Alcohols and water
Both have OH groups
Both form H bonds between molecules
Alcohols have non polar party
Water is more polar, has greater capacity to form hydrogen bonds + higher BP then methanol/ethanol
Methanol
Toxic causes blindness
Methylated spirits
Denaturing agent
Denaturing agent
Renders a substance unfit for purpose without destroying the usefulness of applications of the substance
