Fallacies Flashcards
Whàt is fallacy?
Fallacy is an error in reasoning.
What are the classification of fallacies?
Logical/formal fallacies
Material/informal fallacies.
What are logical fallacies?
Logical fallacies are fallacies that occur in the language or form of the statement or proposition.
They are formed due to disordered propositional architecture.
What are the examples of logical fallacies?
Fallacy of equivocation.
Fallacy of amphiboly
Fallacy of composition
Fallacy of division
What is fallacy of equivocation?
Fallacy of equivocation occurs when from the double meaning of word…
What is fallacy of amphiboly?
His involve the use of sentence which can be interpreted in different or multiple ways die to the defect in Grammer, sentence structure or punctuation.
What do you understand by fallacy of composition?
This kind of fallacy consist of taking jointly what should be taken separately
What do you understand by fallacy of division?
This kind of fallacy consist of taking separately what should be taken jointly
What are material/informal fallacies?
These are fallacies that occur in the subject of the matter of an argument.
what are the Examples of Informal fallacies?
Fallacies of Revelance
Fallacies of presumption
Fallacies of defective induction
What do you understand by fallacies of Revelance?
This is saying that the premise are not relevant to the conclusion..
They fail to provide adequate reason for believing the truth of their conclusion.
What are the kinds of fallacy of Revelance?
Appeal to populace Appeal to pity Appeal to force Appeal to emotion The attack on the person Red herring The straw man The missing point.
What do you understand by appeal to populace?
This is kind of fallacy that tries to use everybody/ the majority opinion to justify a particular statement of judgement
What do you understand by appeal to pity?
This is kind of fallacy that tries to win acceptance by pointing out the unfortunate consequences that will arise if a particular decision made.
What do you understand by appeal to emotion?
This involves the manipulation of the receipent’s emotion in order to win an argument with no strong reason.
What do you understand by appeal to force?
This is the kind of fallacy that use some kind of coercion or threats to sway the audience to one’s view without backing up the expressed view with reason
What do you understand by attack on the person?
This involves attacking the person instead of evaluating their ideas.
Red herring? Explain.
This is a kind of fallacy in which an irrelevant topic is introduced Into an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue.
What do you understand by by straw man?
This involves substituting a person actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated or misinterpreted version of the position of the argument
Fallacy of missing the point? Explain.
Presenting an argument in which the conclusion does not address the issue in question
What is Fallacy of defective induction?
This fallacy means that the premises of the argument are relevant but are very weak and ineffective such that the conclusion cannot rely on them.
Examples of Fallacy of defective induction?
The appeal to false authority.
Argument from ignorance
Hasty generalization.
What is fallacy of presumption?
This occur when too much is assumed in the premises.
Examples of fallacy of presumption?
Fallacy of accident
Fallacy of complex question
Fallacy of begging the question
