fall lecture 19 Flashcards
rostral
toward forehead
caudal
toward spinal cord
normal brain vs dementia brain?
dementia brain is small because they contain fewer synapses
sulci
groove
gyri
folds / lung
cortex
outer covering
surface layer of grey matter
nuclei
deep inside the brain
deeper masses of grey matter
tracts
bundles of axons (myelin)
^ fatty white insulation
lesion
injury to brain
white matter
bundles of axons
has myelin
grey matter
forms cortex
forms nuclei deep within the brain
neuron cell bodies, dendrites, synapses
what does the brain not have
pain receptors
brain mapping and awake craniotomy
when you electrically stimulate parts of the brain to identify where they are located (vision, speech, ect..) in order to not mess with these areas
brain meninges
dura matter
arachnoid matter
Pia matter
dura matter
tough mother
outermost, tough membrane
in the cracks
is the brain vascular
yes, very
brain ventricles
gaps in brain where CSF is produced
where is CSF located
ventricles and subarachnoid space
what are the functions of CSF
floats
cushions
allows for chemical stability
what happens to CSF in the 4th ventricle
it escapes to surround the brain and is reabsorbed into venous sinus by arachnoid villi
BBB
blood brain barrier
filtering mechanism allows things to go straight to the brain ex. oxygen, anesthesia, nicotine, alcohol, CO2
Medulla
full of axons / tracts
first white bump of hindbrain
place for vital functions ex. breathing, heart, reflexes
if damaged it is fatal
cardiac center
adjusts rate and force of heart
vasomotor center
adjusts blood vessel diameter
respiratory center
control rate and depth of breathing
reflex centers
coughing, sneezing, gagging swallowing, salivation, sweating, movements of tongue and head
pons
big bump 2
ascending sensory tracts
descending motor tracts
concerned with posture, sleep, hearing, balance, etc..
cerebellum
tree of life
white matter - branches grey matter - leaves
functions - evaluation, timekeeping, distinguishing, planning
lesion - survivable but life altering —- may be unaware of movement ex. sitting and standing
midbrain
deep brain
associated with Parkinson’s disease
tectum
4 balls (quad)
for sound and vision reaction
reticular formation
where all info comes together and branches out
info goes to midbrain and is sent to destination where brain can interpret what the stimulus is ex. what finger or what part of leg
coma
when reticular formation is blocked
EEG
the testing of brain waves
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
fatal brain disease associated with multiple concussions
thalamus
emotional and memory function
frontal lobe
voluntary motor functions
planning, mood, smell, and social judgement
parietal
receives and integrates sensory information
occipital
visual center of brain
temporal
areas for hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behavior
amnesia
anteroretrograde - no new memories
retrograde - cont remember old memories
cerebellum
helps learn motor skills
amygdala
emotional memory
music associated
emotional response that can trigger long term memory
precentral gyrus
does all motor response in somatic muscles
postcentral gyrus
involved with sensory
what surgeries do they keep patient awake
when operating on pre central and post central gyrus’
wernicke area
permits recognition of spoken and written language and crates plan of speech
broca area
can’t move tounge to create words
aphasia
can understand but can’t respond
sutoscience
“left brained people aren’t creative”
corpus callosum
part of the brain that allows left and right ventricles of brain to communicate
what is the relationship between hippocampus and amygdala?
hippocampus is the place that stores longe term memories which are created by the physical remodeling of synapses
the amygdala is the partner of the hippocampus that determines experiences that are remembered without going through the physical remodel of synapses. there is usually an emotional link.
damage in parietal lobe
contralateral neglet syndrome
damage in temporal lobe
agnosia - inability to recognize objects
prosopagnosia - inability to recognize faces
damage in frontal lobe
problems with personality
