faecal analysis Flashcards
how to collect faecal sample
Fresh samples are required for accurate resultsDirect collection from the ground
Direct collection per rectum (using faecal swap/loop)
Put inside sterile faecal collection container
Submit sample immediately or refridegerates
what are the different types of tests for faecal examination
Gross inspection
Simple smear (+/- stain)
Standard faecal flotation
Centrifugal flotation
Faecal sedimentation
McMaster technique
gross inspections
-consistancy and colour
-presence of blood/mucous
How to do Standard faecal flotation
put faeces into feacalyser
put floatation sol
feacal eggs that are lighter will flow to surface, heavier organic debris sink to the bottom
place glass slide on fecalyser
wait for around 20 mins and put under microscope
How and when do we do simple smear test
-fast test ( not the best bc may have debris) , estimates the animal’s parasite burden
How it’s done:using toothpick, place shit sample onto glass slide with saline (suspends the sample) can add 2% lugols iodine solution to test for undirected startch (blue-black) colour, put under microscope
How to do Centrifugal floatation (most efficent method)
Put small amt of shit into 15 ml centrifuge tube
put flotaion sol in tube with faecal sample
cetrifudge (heavy sentiment sink to the bottom, egg float to the top)
Place cover slip on tube for 3-5 mins
microscope
faecal sedimentation
add water to faecal sample to loosen faecal matter
centrifudge
Pour out all the water and collect sediment from broom of tube
put bottom residue on class slide
microscope
(Cheaper but not preferred cos residue can contain debbris, make difficult to see pararsitic material)
Why and how is mcmaster technique
Why: helps to contain number of paracitic egg (quantitative method)
How: count the number of eggs with the grip of each chamber, ingmoring those outside the squares
Multiply the total by 50
what are the different parasites
-round worm (toxocara spp) - long and big, egg has layers
tapeworm(dipylidium caninum) -tape looking, egg sac
hookworm ( Ancyclostoma caninum) small, monster face, oval egg
whipworm (Trichuris vulpis), skinny end, egg look like lemon
what is giardiasis and what is the symptoms
caused by giardia parasite
casuses diarrhoea in small animals, most of the time mucous can be seen in stool
how to test for giardia
faecal floatation, direct feacal smar, SNAP giardia test
Who does canine parvovirus affect and what are the common symptoms
- affects young, unvaccinated puppies
highly contagious
-causes vomitting and diarrhea
How to diagnosis canine parvovirus
- haemoatology and biochemistry ( may show significant changes in blood test) canine parvovirus suppressed wbc production in the bone marrow
SNAP test
When do we do faecal testing
Routine screening for parasites
•Acute/ chronic vomiting and/or diarrhoea
•Weight loss
•Blood or mucous in the stool
What is normal consistency of shit
Well formed which either does not leave a mark when picked up (grade 2) or has a slightly moist surface which leaves a mark when picked up and is almost sticky to touch (grade 2.5)
-crumbly shit is abnormal
