Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CD tech > blood preservation > Flashcards

blood preservation Flashcards

1
Q

how to choose the right blood tube

A

-what test to perform
-which blood compartment is the substrate in (eg virus in plasma)
-how fast does this substrate metabolise (wg glucose: oxidative fermentation by bac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what ions are rewuired for clotting

A

calcium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tell me about EDTA (purple) tube

A

EDTA coated on walls (stops calcium ions from forming clots)
purpose: anticoagulant of choice for CBC and blood smears
can sometimes cause platelet clumping (gets activated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

heparin tube (green)

A

contains lithium heparin that binds to enzyme inhibitor antithrombin and activates it-> AT will inactive thrombin-> no clotting
-used for biochemistry tests (organ functions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

citrate tube (blue)

A

contains sodium citrate
used for: coagulation tests (stops blood from clotthing, can test for enzymes invloved in blood clotting process)
-anti-coaggulant in blood transfusion bags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

plain tube (red)

A

-no additive
-allows blood to clot ( 4-8 mins)
-ill be spun down to collect serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serum seperated tube (yellow top)

A

-allows blood to clot
contains a gel that seperates solid and liquid components of blood when centrifuges (sperste cltted blood to obtain serum)
-better than red tube because ensure no blood cells are accidentally collected when collecting serum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

storage of sample before processing

A

-analyse within 3 hrs
if not refrigerate at 4 degrees to minimise hemolysis (RBC get destroyed) and degenerative changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is anemia

A

-decrease in RBC number
-decrease i haemoglobin concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the cuases of anemia

A

-inadaquate production of RBC (bone marrow disease- RBC produced in bone marrow)
-excess loss of RBC (bleeding)
-excessive destruction of RBC (hemolyic anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens during erythropoiesis (RBC life cycle)

A

-cells become smaller
-nuclei become smaller and eventually disappear
-cytoplasm changes colour from blue to orange (rna lost, haemoglobin formed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are baby RBC know ass

A

reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tell me about how reticulocytes look like

A

-no nucleus
-tend to appear more basophillic and larger than adult RBC
-contains RNA (causes blue colour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does it mean when reticulocytes appea on blood smear

A

reticulocytes are a hallmark of an erythrocyte (adult RBC) regenreative response (means they are trying to produce more RBC)
sign of regenativr anemia ( body is responding to the anemia by producing more RBC)
they take 24 hrs to mature once in ciculation, is not as effective as erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are macrocytes

A

-large immature RBC )eg reticulocytes and everything else before that
-seen in regenetive anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are microcytes

A

small erythrocyes (old and tired, grandpa rbcs)
-seen in iron- defficient anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does anisocytosis

A

(aniso= variation)
variation in size of erythrocytes (presence of both macrocytes and microcytes among normocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are spherocytes

A

small dark microcytes that lack centre pallar (no biconcave shape, ball shaped)
Associated with immune-mediated anemias

19
Q

what are polychromasia (chrom=colour)

A

blue-grey erythrocytes
- young erythrocytes, usually macrocytes
bluish because of residual RNA

20
Q

what is hypochromia

A

decreased cytoplasmic staining intensity and increased central pallor of erythrocyte (dye to insufficient haemoglobin in RBC) less haem less red hence red colour (usually due to iron deficiency)

21
Q

what is agglutination meaning

A

clumping of RBC

22
Q

what is rouleaux formation

A

spontaneous association of RBC in linear stack (stackin of RBC) normal in cats

23
Q

what does quantitative examination for CBC cosist of

A

number, size and type of cells
haemocytometer (manual)
haematological analysers (automatic)

23
Q

what sample is required for a CBC

A

-whole blood
EDTA tube (lilac(
-amount of blood needed is dependent on tube

24
what is packed cell volume/ haemocrit (PVC/ Hct)
% of total cellular consistuent in a unit of whole blood (percentage of blood cell from entire sample)
25
what is the normal reference ranfe of Hct in dogs and cats
35%
26
what does low PVC/HCT indicate
anemia
27
how to measure PCV
- haematocrit reader (manual) (fill haematocrit tube -> centrifuge->and read value against table) -haematology machine (automatic)
28
how to do red blood cell count
haemocytometer (manual) total cell count in 4W squares X 2500 X dilution factor large degre of errors haematology machine (automated) preferrred
29
what are the factors that affect PCV, HCT and RBC
-hydration: overhydration-> diluting effect eg excessive IV fluid administration dehydration-> less % plasma in vlume-> increase % of PVC (haemoconcntration) water affects plasma and hence percentage -number of RBC less than normal (anemia) -> decrease in RBC and HCT more than normal range-> polycythemia (more RBC) -> increase in RBC and HCT
30
what is RBC distribution width ( RDW)
describes the variability of RBC size (anemia with significant microcytosis and macrocytosis will have increase RDW) more funny sizes more RDW Its an index of the degree of anisocytosis
31
what is mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
-average size of RBC -macrocytes-> increased RCV (reticulocytes) -microcytes -> decreased MCV ( immature cells, iron deficiency: extra cell division occurs before critical cytoplasmic haemoglobin concentration is reached_> smaller RBC) amount of haemoglobin reflects of size of RBC
32
what is mean corpuscular haemoglobin (McH)
mean weight of haemogloin for the average RBC
33
what is mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
mean concentration of haemoglobin for the average RBC MCHC value affects overall colour of RBC on smear ( haemogloin give RBC its colour) Normochromia : normal concentration Hyperchromia (Increased MCHC) is usually a result of hemolysis. (RBC release content, release redness aka haemoglobin) Hypochromia (Decreased MCHC) Polychromasia is seen with reticulocytosis (because reticulocytes don’t have their full component of Hb) and also with iron deficiency. (reticulycytes with normal RBC)
34
how to classify anemia
according to erythrocyte indices according to causes response of bone marrow
35
classifying anemia according to erythrocyte indices
Normocytic- normal RBC maturation Macrocytic- young RBC or defective maturation Microcytic- small RBC (iron deficiency) Normochromic- Hb synthesis normal Hypochromic- incomplete or defective Hb synthesis Hyperchromic- volume of normal RBC decrease (more other types of RBC eg spherocytes)
36
classification of anemia according to cause
Lack of production Nutritional (eg. iron deficiency anaemia) Bone marrow disease Blood loss anaemia Haemorrhage externally or internally Hemolytic anaemia Within blood vessels By macrophages in organ
37
classification of anemia according to bone marrow response
regenerative anemia : bone marrow is trying to increase production of erythrocytes non- regenerative anemia (no reticulocytes) based on presence of reticulocytes (most reliable indicator of erythorpoiesis)
38
hallmarks of regenrative resonose to anemia
Regenerative response Reticulocytosis with anisocytosis and increased RDW Polychromasia Macrocytosis and Hypochromia associated with reticulocytosis. Egs. Hemolysis, Blood loss, Regeneration after non-regenerative anaemia has resolved.
39
what info does bloos smear give up
qualitative morphology and presence of intracellular parasites can be setermined
40
what info can CBC give us
The number and size of RBCs can be determined from numerical hematology indices (ie. PCV, RBC, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC
41
describe what the blood smear slide looks like/should have
label: name plus surname of patient blood smear inital of who did the sear date of smear -application point -body -monolayer -feathered edge
42
what does eosinophillic and basophillic mean
eosinophilic: pink basophilic: blue
43
What is hallmark of non regenerative response to anemia
No reticulocytes Eg. Anemia of chronic disease, renal failure, iron deficiency anemia

CD tech (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions