Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSO Exam 2022 > Fad Diets > Flashcards

Fad Diets Flashcards

1
Q

Alkaline Diet description

A

Proponents believe you can change body’s Ph with diet and it should be in the alkaline range to fight disease and maintain health

Alkaline diet association recommend 80% alkaline food and 20% acid forming foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alkaline diet allowed foods/ rules

A

Vegetables, low sugar fruits, legumes

Not having meals combining

  • carb/ acid foods
  • concentrated protein/ carbs
  • two concentrated proteins
  • proteins with fats and acids (no marinades)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alkaline diet foods not allowed

A

beef, poultry, dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar, alcohol

No melons
no milk with any other foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alkaline diet claims

A
  1. alkaline diet improves digestions and absorptions and that acid destroys minerals leading to disease
  2. cancer thrives in acidic environment
  3. Cancer can result from improper food combos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alkaline diet efficacy

A

No research to show efficacy or safety in humans

when kidney function is normal they will modulate pH.

RDNs should not recommend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bill Henderson Protocol description

A

based on budwig diet

raw fruits and veg, gluten free whole grains, legumes and cottage cheese / flaxseed oil (1 cup CC blended with 6-8 tbsp FO) mixture are the foundation plus a lot of supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bill Henderson Protocol proposed mechanism

A

Belief that cancer is caused by lack of O2 to cells, weakened immune system, excess acidity and secondary toxicity r/t alcohol, tobacco, and asbestos

increase in alkaline foods leads to increased body pH

Lignans from flax have antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-estrogenic (flaxseed oil does not contain this though)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bill Henderson Protocol food excluded

A

meat, dairy (except cottage cheese), gluten, processed foods, sugar, and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bill Henderson Nutrition Implications

A

predominantly vegan so may be lacking in B-12, protein, energy, iron, zinc, calcium and iodine

more than 2 tbsp flax oil can cause diarrhea and more than 4 tbsp can enhance effects of blood thinners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bill Henderson Efficacy

A

No evidence it’s safe or effective

do not recommend

comments: flaxseed oil will go rancid if unrefrigerated and can be destroyed by light, heat, and O2.

Flaxseed provides 7 g of a-Linolenic acid per tbsp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bill Henderson Protocol Supplements

A

Diet recommends over 46 pills in the daily plan. Supplements include antioxidants, barley grass, nutrient mixtires, and b-glucan

some micronutrient doses exceed the TUI level recommended by the FDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Budwig Diet Description

A

Vegetarian diet promoting eating natural, unrefined foods and eating 8x/d. Alos encouraged enemas and breathing exercises.

Essaic tea is encouraged and you can have 1 glass of wine/ champagne

cornerstone is a blend of coldpressed flaxseed oil (45-50 g) with quark cheese (German CC) which is then used to make Budwig muesli. Eaten at breafast and lunch for up to 100 g/d of flaxseed oil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Budwig Diet Allowed Foods

A

organic fruits and veg, juices, nuts, potatoes, certain cheeses (grass fed)

oleolux (garlic onion spread with coconut and flaxseed oil)

green tea and essaic tea

sauerkraut and and sauerkraut juice

nutritional yeast flakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Budwig Diet excluded foods`

A
  • ready made meals and processed foods
  • Animal fats, trans fats, margarine
  • peanuts
  • Meat, poultry, fish, eggs processed meat (sausage/ spam)
  • Sugar and refined foods (gran sugar, white flour, pastries)
  • unfermented soyfoods (tofu)
  • dairy products other than Quark
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Budwig Diet Proposed Mechanism

A

Johanna Budwig proposed that:
1. Highly unsaturated fatty acids would kill cancer cells by promoting incomplete cell division and cell death

  1. a lack of dietary omega- 3s reduced cell oxygentation and cottage cheese would improve absorption and availability of flax oil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Budwig Diet Nutritional Risks

A

May be low in energy and protein increasing risk of cachexia

Vegetarian diet with limited dairy which increases risk of B12, D, iron, zinc, calcium, and iodine

Flaxseed in that amount can cause bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation

> 4 tbsp of flaxseed oil may increase bleeding time and decrease platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Budwig Diet Efficacy

A

Not proven to be safe or effective

Discovery of LDL receptors in 1974 clarified the understanding of fatty acid metabolism and showed the science this is based on to be faulty

significant risk for nutritional definiciencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gerson Therapy Description

A

originally developed to self- treat headaches, this combo of diet and metabolic therapy was originally recommended by Max Gerson, MD for TB in the 1930s

Gerson IT describes it as a natural tx using organic, plant based diet with raw juices and natural supplements. Coffee Enemas are recommended.

organic vegetarian diet with no sodium or fat(except flaxseed oil)

19
Q

Gerson Therapy Foods allowed

A

3 plant based meals daily. strict adherence to meal schedule and prep is required.

15-20 lbs of fruit and veg daily, up to 13 glasses of juice daily prepared from raw carrots, applles, and green leafy veg

Multiple dietary supps including B-12, potoassium, thyroid hormone and pancreatic enzymes

coffee and other enemas plus injections of flu/ staph aureus, drugs such as laetrile (illegal in US), injections from liver extract

20
Q

Gerson Therapy Claims

A

detoxifies the body, returns potasisum to tissues and cells, reduce sodium in tissues and cells, and treat the liver to “restore the body’s ability to restore itself”

21
Q

Gerson Therapy Foods excluded

A

Fat except flaxseed oil
animal protein sources
soybeans

22
Q

Gerson Therapy Risks

A

High potassium and carbohydrate

Risk for deficient energy/ caloires, B12, D, iron, calcium, zinc and iodine

Risk for malnutrition, hyponatremia, coma (from low Na), dehydration, and colitis from frequent enemas

Has caused the death of 3 people r/t coffee enemas

Large amounts of fiber may be hard to digest. pts may develop mouth sores which can decrease intake

23
Q

Gerson Therapy Efficacy

A

No evidence that it is effective
Not safe

Do not recommend

24
Q

Gonzalez Regimen Description

A

Considered metabolic therapy. Individualized (10 basic diets with 95 variations)

dietary modifications, dietary supplements, extracts of animal organs (as a source of pancreatic enzymes), detox practices like coffee enemas

followers may take up to 150 pills/d

Developed by a dentist

25
Q

Gonzalez Regimen Claims

A

believe that toxins from processed foods, pesticides, preservatives, and pollutants cause cancer

26
Q

Gonzalez Regimen Nutrition Risks

A

Very individualized, RD should thoroughly assess, side effects vary

Coffee enemas can result in electrolyte imbalances and increase risk of colitis and infection

27
Q

Gonzalez Regimen Efficacy

A

No evidence showing efficacy and potentially unsafe

Do not recommend

ACS recommends against metabolic therapies

28
Q

Livingston Wheeler Therapy Description

A

deveoped in 19s, metabolic treatment

a mostly raw vegetarian diet with megadoses of vitamins and minerals and digestive enzymes

Also includes a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine derived from pt’s own blood or urine, coffee and lemon juice enemas, antibiotics and supplements

29
Q

Livingston- Wheeler Foods excluded

A 
Poultry, eggs, meats, milk, 
sugar
alcohol and caffeine
processed foods, food additives
fluoridated water
30
Q

Livingston Wheeler Claims

A

Based on belief that the bacteria Progenitor cryptocides (not confirmed to exist) initiates cancer, which grows unless stopped by the immune system

described by proponents as “immune boosting” cancer prevention program

31
Q

Livingston Wheeler Risks

A

May be deficient in protein, B12, D, iron, calcium, zinc and iodine

Megadoses of nutrients may pose health risks if over the TUI level

coffee enemas can lead to electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, malabsorption, and death

malaise, aching and fevers have been reported

32
Q

Livingston Wheeler Efficacy

A

The progenitor cryptocides bacteria hasn’t been confirmed to even exist and certainly no link between it and cancer

No evidence of efficacy and potentially unsafe

Do not recommend, ACS advises against

33
Q

Macrobiotic Diet Description

A

adaptation of traditional Japanese diet, several versions exist

organic, locally grown, primarily vegetables and whole foods are recommended

specific cooking methods and utensils are recommended, should not use microwave or electricity to cook.

Food is chewed until fluid (50 times)

34
Q

Macrobiotic Diet Foods included

A

40-60% intake from organically grown whole grains

20-30% of intake from locally grown vegetables

5-10% of intake from beans and bean products

%% intake of soup prepared with miso, beans, and vegetables

nuts, seeds, fruits and fish on occasion

35
Q

Macrobiotic Diet Foods excluded

A

Nightshade vegetable (potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers)
Dairy and eggs
Processed foods and refined sugars
Meats

diet was so restrictive that people died at first, they expanded it to allow a greater variety

36
Q

Macrobiotic Diet Claims

A

Health is achieved via foods that promote a balance of yin and yang, thus balancing physical condition, mind, emotions and spirit

37
Q

Macrobiotic Risks

A

May be deficient in energy, B-12, D, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine and possibly protein

not generally recommended can be tough to get enough protein and may result in significant weight loss

38
Q

Macrobiotic Diet Efficacy

A

Not evaluated with any RCTs

no evidence of efficacy

Can be good b/c it’s low fat, high fiber, high complex carb, vegan diet but as far as cancer no proof of benefits

39
Q

Raw Food Plan Description

A

Foods have not been processed in any way from their natural state, mostly fruit and veg.

proponents also eat seaweed, sprouts, seeds, beans, whole grains and nuts

40
Q

Raw Food Plan Claims

A

Claims that unprocessed foods preserve enzymes in food and provide health benefits

41
Q

Raw Food Plan Foods excluded

A

Meat, dairy foods, eggs

some plans advise limiting vegetables high in Vit K

42
Q

Raw Food Plan Risks

A

Vegans are at risk for B12, D, iron, calcium, zinc and iodine deficiencies

Protein intake likely inadequate

Raw food vegetarian diets have been associated with low bone mass

43
Q

Raw Food Plan efficacy

A

No research to support efficacy against cancer

difficult to follow and may reduce QOL

cooking can reduce levels of pesticides in foods, although organic foods have lower levels of pesticides

this diet carries the risk for multiple deficiencies

CSO Exam 2022 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions