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Red Haven Staff Studies > Facts About Spirits > Flashcards

Facts About Spirits Flashcards

1
Q

At sea level, what temperature does ethyl alcohol boil at?

A

173F or 78C

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2
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A technique that is used to create liquor, that separates the alcohol from the water.

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3
Q

Why did Ancient Babylonians use fractional distillation?

A

For perfumes

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4
Q

What is the wash?

A

Fermented liquor in a still

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5
Q

What are congeners?

A

Volatile molecules such as esters, other alcohols, and aldehydes.

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6
Q

What are the “heads”?

A

The first vapors to condense.

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7
Q

Where did the term “proof” originate?

A

British sailors in the 18th century, testing their payments of rum with gunpowder, to prove that it wasn’t watered down.

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8
Q

What is vodka usually filtered with?

A

Charcoal

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9
Q

What is the minimum alcohol percentage for vodka in the EU?

A

37.5%

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10
Q

What is the most important component of gin?

A

juniper berries

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11
Q

What style are most modern gins?

A

London Dry gin

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12
Q

What are common aromatic substances of London Dry Gin?

A

lemon peel, cardamom, anise, coriander, nutmeg, angelica root.

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13
Q

What are the dominant aromatics in Genever?

A

juniper and malt

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14
Q

The traditional genever recipe calls for what?

A

A minimum 15% of “malt wine” made of a distillate of corn, rye and wheat.

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15
Q

what is Corenwyn?

A

An cask-aged genever with at least 51% malt wine distillate.

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16
Q

What is the word “whisky” derived from?

A

The Gaelic word “uisgebeatha” which means “water of life.

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17
Q

Who distilled Kentucky’s first whiskey and when?

A

Elijah Craig, in 1789

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18
Q

Who are the only current producers of Tennessee whiskey?

A

Jack Daniels and George Dickel

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19
Q

What must Tennessee whiskey be filtered with?

A

Maple charcoal

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20
Q

What kind of casks are generally employed to age Scotch?

A

Bourbon and Sherry casks

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21
Q

What are the 5 legal categories of Scotch Whisky?

A

Single Malt Scotch WhiskySingle Grain Scotch WhiskyBlended Malt Scotch WhiskyBlended Grain Scotch WhiskyBlended Scotch Whisky

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22
Q

What is Single Grain Whisky?

A

Scotch Whisky produced at a single distillery, from unmalted barley, wheat or corn.

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23
Q

How long is single malt generally aged?

A

For at least 10 years

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24
Q

Which Scotch region tends to make the lightest stylistically?

A

Lowlands

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25
Q

Who are the pioneers of Scotch cask aging?

A

Balvenie and Glenmorangie

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26
Q

How many times is Irish Whiskey generally distilled in a pot still?

A

3 times

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27
Q

When was Cognac defined? When was it finalized?

A

19091938

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28
Q

What are the 6 regions of Cognac (in descending quality)?

A

Grande ChampagnePetite ChampagneBorderiesFins BoisBons BoisBois Ordinaires

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29
Q

The regions of Grande Champagne and Petite Champagne have a high percentage of what?

A

Soft chalk

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30
Q

What are the 3 primary grapes of Cognac?

A

Ugni Blanc, Folle Blanche and Colombard (Ugni Blanc is 98%)

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31
Q

In what and how many times is Cognac distilled?

A

Twice in a Charentais pot still

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32
Q

What part of the second distillation becomes Cognac?

A

The coeur

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33
Q

What are the 3 sub regions of Armagnac?

A

Haut-ArmagnacBas-ArmagnacArmagnac-Tenareze

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34
Q

What does VSOP Armagnac signify?

A

4 to 9 years of age

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35
Q

What does VS Armagnac signify?

A

1-3 years of age

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36
Q

Where is Marc made?

A

France

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37
Q

Where is bagaceira made?

A

Portugal

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38
Q

What kind of spirit is Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch and Prunelle?

A

Plum eau-de-vie

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39
Q

What is Boukha and where is it made?

A

A fig eau-de-vie made in Tunisia

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40
Q

What is Barack Palinka and where is it made?

A

An apricot eau-de-vie made in Hungary

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41
Q

Where is Martinique AOC and what is it known for?

A

In the caribbean, for Rhum Agricole

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42
Q

In what state is Tequila?

A

Jalisco

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43
Q

What is the pina?

A

The heart of the blue agave plant.

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44
Q

What is the minimum % of blue agave for tequila?

A

51%

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45
Q

Cognac is to brandy as Tequila is to what?

A

Mezcal

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46
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Fernet Branca?

A

Herbs, Roots, Spices - Italy

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47
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Averna?

A

Herbs, Roots, Spices - Italy

48
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Ramazzoti?

A

Roots, Herbs, Orange Peel, Anise - Italy

49
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Cynar

A

Artichoke - Italy

50
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Campari?

A

Herbs, quinine, rhubarb, orange - Italy

51
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Aperol?

A

Orange, gentian, rhubarb - Italy

52
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Amer Picon?

A

Orange and gentian - France

53
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Suze?

A

Gentian Root and herbs - France

54
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Boonekamp?

A

Herbs, roots and spices - Germany

55
Q

What are the primary flavors and country of origin of Unicam

A

Herbs and spices - Hungary

56
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Cointreau?

A

Orange - France

57
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Laraha Citrus?

A

Curacao - Netherlands Antilles

58
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Grand Marnier?

A

Orange (Cognac base) - France

59
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Van Der Hume?

A

Tangerine - South Africa

60
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Maraschino?

A

Cherry - Croatia

61
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Chambord?

A

Black Raspberry - France

62
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Creme de Cassis?

A

Blackcurrant - France

63
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Heering?

A

Cherry - Denmark

64
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Pisang Ambon?

A

Banana - Netherlands

65
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Midori?

A

Melon - japan

66
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Tamara?

A

Dates - Israel

67
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Malibu?

A

Coconut (rum base) - Barbados

68
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Sloe Gin?

A

sloe berries - England

69
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Limoncello?

A

Lemon - Italy

70
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Advocaat?

A

Sweetened Egg - Denmark

71
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Amarula?

A

Cream & Marula fruit - South Africa

72
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Tia Maria?

A

coffee (rum base) - Jamaica

73
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Godiva?

A

Chocolate - Belgium

74
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Frangelico?

A

Hazelnut - Italy

75
Q

What is the primary flavor and country of origin of Amaretto?

A

Apricot and almond - Italy

76
Q

What is the primary flavor and base of Southern Comfort?

A

Peach, orange and spice - American Whiskey

77
Q

What is the primary flavor and base of Drambuie?

A

Heather honey and herbs - Scotch

78
Q

What is the primary flavor and base of Glen Mist?

A

Heather honey and herbs - Scotch

79
Q

What is the primary flavor and base of Glayva?

A

Honey, tangerine and spices - scotch

80
Q

What is the primary flavor and base of Irish Mist?

A

Honey and herbs - Irish Whiskey

81
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Pernod?

A

Anise - France

82
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Ricard?

A

Anise - France

83
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Pastis 51?

A

Anise - France

84
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Ouzo?

A

Anise - Greece

85
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Sambuca?

A

Anise & Elderberry - Italy

86
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Galliano?

A

Anise, herbs, vanilla - Italy

87
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Licor 43?

A

Vanilla, herbs, spice - Spain

88
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Kummel?

A

Caraway - Denmark

89
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Benedictine?

A

Herbs and Spices - France

90
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Chartreuse?

A

Herbs, plants, roots, spices - France

91
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of B&B?

A

Blended Benedictine and brandy - France (originated in NY)

92
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Strega?

A

Saffron, herbs, spices - Italy

93
Q

What is the primary flavor and country or origin of Krupnik?

A

Honey - Poland

94
Q

Briefly describe Cinzano.

A

Vermouth. The original Rosso Cinzano was created in 1786 by Carlo Stefano Cinzano using aromatic plants from the Italian Alps in a still-secret recipe combining 35 ingredients. Cinzano is the second biggest selling vermouth behind Martini & Rossi. There are four styles of CInzano produced: Rosso, Extra Dry, Bianco and Rosé. Cinzano was purchased by the Campari Group in 1999.

95
Q

Briefly describe Noilly Prat.

A

Noilly Prat is France’s first produced vermouth. It was created in 1813 by herbalist Joseph Noilly. There are red and amber styles produced here but they are best known for their Original French Dry style. Noilly Prat was acquired by Martini & Rossi in 1971 and is now part of the Bacardi Family of spirits.

96
Q

Briefly describe Martini & Rossi

A

Martini & Rossi Rosso was created in 1863 in Turin, Italy by master blender Alessandro Martini and wine expert Luigi Rossi. The company created an Extra Dry in 1900 and a Bianco in 1910. Martini is the number one seller of vermouth in the world and was acquired by Bacardi in 1992.

97
Q

Briefly describe Carpano Antica

A

In 1786, Antonio Benedetto Carpano invented Vermouth in Turin, made from white wine added to an infusion of herbs and spices, in more than 30 varieties. He believed a sweetened wine spirit would be a more suitable beverage for ladies than the local red wines. He is credited with naming vermouth after the German word for wordwood , “Wermut”.

98
Q

Briefly describe Pune e Mes

A

Punt e Mes originates from Milan, Italy. It is one of the most distinctive vermouths and marked by a lovely bitterness that brings a freshness to stimulate the appetite. Punt e mes was made by the Carpano family from Turin until 2001, when Distillerie Fratelli Branca bought them.

99
Q

Briefly describe Chambery

A

Chambery is an appellation in the Savoie region in southeast France. The most famous producer is Dolin. Chambery is produced by taking blended base wines from the Midi and treating them with herbs and plants. It is then combined with plant-derived alcohol to create the final blend. The flavor is akin to Fino Sherry or wines from the Savagnin grape in the Jura, France.

100
Q

Briefly describe Lillet

A

Lillet is a brand of French aperitif wine. It is a blend of 85% wine and citrus liqueurs made from a variety of oranges. Lillet is matured in oak casks and available in red, white and rosé versions. While it has been produced since the late 1800s, the current formulation dates from 1987 (1990 for Red Lillet) and is relatively less bitter and sugary, and more fruit flavored, than the historical one.

101
Q

Briefly describe Dubonnet

A

Created in 1846 by Parisian drinks supplier Joseph Dubonnet. Dubonnet is a combination of dry white wine, Vin Doux Naturel and flavored with quinine, bitter orange peel, herbs, plants and caramel. There are two blends available: the sweeter, richer Rouge and the dry Blanc. Dubonnet is owned by Heaven Hills Distilleries.

102
Q

Briefly describe Byrrh

A

Byrhh was created in 1886 in the Roussillon, France. Byrhh is red wine based spirit flavored with quinine, Curacao and herbs. It is very unique with sweet and bitter flavors. This once popular spirit is now owned by Pernod-Ricard

103
Q

Define eau-de-vie

A

A clear, colorless fruit brandy that is produced by means of fermentation and double distillation and it can also be made from grapes. The fruit flavor is typically very light.

104
Q

How many French eau-de-vie AOCs are there?

A

15

105
Q

What are the apple/pear requirements of Calvados?

A

A minimum 70% bitter varieties and a max of 15% acidic varieties. 20% of the apple orchards must be local phenolic varieties.

106
Q

What are authorized additives for Calvados?

A

Sugar, caramel, oak chips.

107
Q

What is minimum aging of Calvados?

A

2 years in oak casks

108
Q

What does “production fermiere” mean?

A

Estate grown calvados

109
Q

What does “haut tige” mean?

A

“high stem”

110
Q

What is Kirsch de Fougerolles produced from?

A

red and black cherries

111
Q

What is an orchard requirement of Kirch de Fougerolles?

A

Orchards of at least 50 trees must include at least 5 different varieties.

112
Q

What does Marc d’Alsace cover?

A

Clear pomace brandy from Alsace, from Gewurztraminer pomace.

113
Q

All Scotch Whisky must be aged for a minimum of how long? in what?

A

3 years in oak casks no larger than 700 liters.

114
Q

What are dominant herbs in Fernet Branca?

A

rhubarb, chamomille, anise, cardamom, clove, gentian, myrrh.

115
Q

What kind of oak is Cognac aged in?

A

Limousin

116
Q

What kind of oak is Armagnac aged in?

A

local black oak

117
Q

What kind of oak is California brandy aged in?

A

Oak from Arkansas and Tennessee.

Red Haven Staff Studies (15 decks)

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