Facts

Question 1

Speeds for a tropical depression, storm and cyclone

Answer 1

Depression - 20 to 33kts
Storm - rotating 34 to 63kts
Cyclone - above 64 kts

They all travel at 15 to 20 kts across the surface

Question 2

Gale,storm and hurricane wind speeds

Answer 2

Gale - 34 to 47kts
Storm - 43 to 63kts
Hurricane +64kts

Question 3

Calculating density altitude

Answer 3

Apply 120ft for every 1c isa dev

Question 4

Absolute humidity

Answer 4

Amount of water vapour in a volume of air

G/m3

Question 5

GR diameter

Answer 5

5-50mm, highest recorded is 1kg

Small hail is less than 5mm

Question 6

Back bent occlusion

Answer 6

Extend from the centre of depression where the occlusion starts

Question 7

Sea breeze speed and average height

Answer 7

10kts in mid lats

10-15 miles inland and up to 1000 ft amsl

Question 8

Northerly winds from n Africa

Answer 8

Scirocco
Khamsin
Ghibli

Question 9

Deflection of the surface wind and the % of the speed of the 3000ft winds

Answer 9

Over sea - 10* 70%

Land by day - 30* 50%

Land by night - 45* 25%

Question 10

Temp where there is mostly ice particles

Answer 10

Below -40

Question 11

Hight of the tropopause at the equator and poles and the associated temps

Answer 11

Poles = 26,000ft/8km/ -50c

Equator = 60,000ft/18km/-75c

Question 12

Why is wind speed faster around a high

Answer 12

Centrifugal force acts with the PGF

Works against PGF in a low

Question 13

Humidity mixing ratio

Answer 13

Amount of water vapour in a mass of dry air

G/kg

Question 14

PGF + CF are equal and opposite

Answer 14

Geostrophic wind

Question 15

What happens if rising cools without any condensation nuclei

Answer 15

The air is super saturated at a temp above 0c

SCWD are former below 0c

Question 16

Height of the different satellites

Answer 16

Geostationary 35,786km , poor resolution, identify TRS

Polar orbiting 850km and orbit daily, high resolution

Question 17

Routine reports

Answer 17

Metar
L/d forecast/trend
Speci - change in operational significance

All issued by meteorological stations aerodrome based

Question 18

Heights and lats of the jet streams

Answer 18

Sub trop - fl400, 30 - 40 n/s

Polar front - FL300, 50 - 60 n/s

Arctic - fl200, 70n

Equatorial/easterly - fl500, 10 -20 n

Question 19

ISA temp lapse rate in m

Answer 19

0.65c/100m

Question 20

Visibility in cloud

Answer 20

Low level 10 - 30m
Mid 20 - 1000m
High +1000m

Question 21

Lines of equal wind speed

Answer 21

Isotachs

Question 22

Rain ice

Answer 22

Clear ice

Question 23

What is required to form a TRS and what is their track

Answer 23

Sea temp min 26.5 and 200 to 300ft deep and a trigger - easterly waves within 5 - 25 deg n and s
Travel westward and curve away from the equator and head east

Question 24

Length of Turbulence after mountain wave and vertical wind speed

Answer 24

50 - 100nm downwind

Vertical windspeed 1000ft/min, waves 1500 ft deep

Higher the mountain, stronger the wave

Question 25

Height of a transmissometer

Answer 25

7.5ft up

Question 26

Finding qnh alt

Answer 26

Ta-(isa dev x 4 x FL/1000)

Question 27

Examples of orographic depressions

Answer 27

Alps in n Italy in winter

Question 28

Ts avoidance

Answer 28

20nm over 20,000ft 10nm If below

Question 29

What measures ELR

Answer 29

Radiosonde

Question 30

What is classed as a gust

Answer 30

Sudden increase in windspeed of +10kts

Question 31

Equipment to measure humidity

Answer 31

Psychrometer

Question 32

Anemometer

Answer 32

Measures surface wind, 10m up

Question 33

Type of cloud with people mountain wave

Answer 33

Cap,lenticular,rotor or roll cloud

Question 34

Haze

Answer 34

Less than 5000m

Question 35

Temp to form snow

Answer 35

+4 to -5c

Question 36

How fast does the warm front travel at

Answer 36

Travels at 2/3 speed of the cold front, so it always catches up with the warm front and forms an occlusion

Question 37

What % of USA hurricanes develop from easterly waves

Answer 37

80%

Question 38

Most common type of inland fog

Answer 38

Radiation

Question 39

Equipment to detect lightning

Answer 39

Stormscope, strikefinder

Question 40

Finding true altitude

Answer 40

Qnh alt + (isa dev x 4 x FL/1000)

Question 41

Average height of the spheres

Answer 41

Troposphere- 11km Strato - 50km Meso - 80km/ -90c

Question 42

How long is rvr averaged for

Answer 42

1min for ATC and 10mins for metar/taf

Question 43

Routine forecasts

Answer 43

Taf, produced by meteorological offices all over the world Sigwx, produced by the world area forecast centres gamet - low level forecast, gafor- low level vis/cloud

Question 44

How often does a rvr update

Answer 44

Every 60s

Question 45

Cb calvus

Answer 45

Developing ts cloud

Question 46

Intermittent precipitation

Answer 46

Continuous with breaks

Question 47

Classification of cloud coverage

Answer 47

``` 0 - SKC 1-2 FEW 3-4 SCT 5-7 BKN 8 - OVC ```

Question 48

Temp range where the most SCWD are found

Answer 48

0 to -10c

Question 49

Warm occlusion

Answer 49

Warm front is colder than air behind Precipitation falls ahead of the occlusion

Question 50

Dominant pressure systems

Answer 50

Jan - Siberian, Canadian highs, Icelandic and N Australian lows July - Azores and Pacific high, Asian low

Question 51

Water vapour % at the poles

Answer 51

4% of troposphere

Question 52

Speeds associated with dust and sandstorms and examples

Answer 52

15 to 20kts Harmattan and haboob, n Africa and can extend up to 15,000ft

Question 53

What layer effects radio waves

Answer 53

Ionosphere in the thermosphere

Question 54

How long until a taf is issued and is valid for

Answer 54

Issued every 3 to 6 hours Valid for 9 to 36 hours

Question 55

Average depth of radiation fog

Answer 55

500 ft agl but can extend up to 1500

Question 56

Why is DALR greater than SALR

Answer 56

Release of latent heat with condensation, reduces the rate of cooling

Question 57

Examples of mountain wave

Answer 57

Pennies Rockies Andes

Question 58

Diameter of a TRS eye

Answer 58

20-50km

Question 59

Temp for the highest risk of icing in normal and cb

Answer 59

Normal, 0 to -10c Cb, 0 to -20c

Question 60

Ground speed of a tornado

Answer 60

20 - 40kts

Question 61

Ta in warmer than isa

Answer 61

Ta will be more than indicate, safe/under read

Question 62

PL diameter

Answer 62

2-5mm

Question 63

Secondary depressions

Answer 63

Form within the circulation of a primary low

Question 64

Most effective use of imaging

Answer 64

Comparing visual with infrared

Question 65

Could tops

Answer 65

Measured by radar, satellite, visual or triangulation

Question 66

Dimensions of a thermal wind

Answer 66

200 miles wide, 2miles deep, 2000 miles long

Question 67

Water droplet diameter and velocity

Answer 67

0.02mm and 0.012 m/s

Question 68

Example of foehn wind

Answer 68

Alps | Chinook USA

Question 69

Temp to get carb ice

Answer 69

Up to + 25c

Question 70

Vertical visibility is measured in

Answer 70

Ft

Question 71

Amsl comparing QFF to QNH

Answer 71

Warmer than isa, qff will be lower than qnh Colder than isa, qff will be higher than qnh Bmsl they are swapped

Question 72

Wegener bergnson findeisen theory

Answer 72

Precipitation starts as ice crystals, grow through sublimation by SCWD

Question 73

Visibility in precipitation

Answer 73

``` Mod ra 3-10km +ra can be below 1000m Mod SN 1000m DZ less than 500m +SN below 50m ```

Question 74

Example of katabatic wind

Answer 74

Bora - Adriatic, 70 to 100kts

Question 75

Annual number of hurricanes occurring in n Atlantic, ne coast of Australia, s China sea, n India

Answer 75

N Atlantic - 7 to 9 (10 or less) Ne coast of Australia- 9 S China sea - 25, 16 N India - 5 or 6

Question 76

Main ISA density altitudes

Answer 76

22,000 ft - 0.609 (halved) 40,000ft - 0.302 (quarter)

Question 77

Mist

Answer 77

1000 - 5000m

Question 78

What does U and D stand for in rvr

Answer 78

U - upward tendency D - downward tendency

Question 79

Mamatus

Answer 79

Downward protruding

Question 80

Height of a Stevenson screen and what does it measure

Answer 80

4 ft / 1.2m Temp and humidity

Question 81

Cold occlusion

Answer 81

Cold air behind the cold front is colder precipitation falls on both sides but mostly ahead

Question 82

Drizzle drop diameter and velocity

Answer 82

Less than 0.5mm 4 m/s

Question 83

How long do cold air pools last, width and height

Answer 83

Several days 300nm - 600nm wide 10000 to 30000ft deep Serious unstable air

Question 84

Cloud base

Answer 84

Lowest level of cloud, measured by a ceilometer

Question 85

Continuous precipitation

Answer 85

60 mins or more

Question 86

The cause of thermal winds

Answer 86

Different air mass temps - jet streams

Question 87

Windshear classifications

Answer 87

Vertical - speed/direction change with altitude, kts/100ft Horizontal- wind change on the horizontal plane, kts/1000ft

Question 88

When is there a 2nd vis reported

Answer 88

If a given area has 50% prevailing or below 1500m

Question 89

SG diameter

Answer 89

Less than 1mm

Question 90

En route reports

Answer 90

Volmet, metar for 10 airfields, wind true Atis Weather warnings - Sigmet/Airmet, produced by the meteorological watch offices

Question 91

Ta in colder than isa

Answer 91

Ta will be less than indicated, over read/ dangerous

Question 92

DALR and SALR lapse rate in ft

Answer 92

DALR - 3 degree/1000ft SALR - 1.8 degree/1000ft

Question 93

Visibility in fog

Answer 93

Less than 1000m (999m)

Question 94

Coalescence theory

Answer 94

Precipitation forms in clouds at temps above freezing, water droplets grow through collision until they fall with gravity from cloud

Question 95

Speed of wind the tunnel of a tornado

Answer 95

100 - 200 kts

Question 96

How long does a tornado last for

Answer 96

30mins

Question 97

How far does weather extend behind the cold front surface

Answer 97

50 - 100nm

Question 98

RA diameter and velocity

Answer 98

0.5 - 5.5mm 9m/s