Factors Of Helping & Bullying Behaviour

Question 1

What is helping behaviour (A.K.A pro-social behaviour)?

Answer 1

Is that which benefits other people and society in general. It’s usually voluntary, as its intended to help others, including aiding and assisting, charity, and friendship, etc. it can be altruistic or immediate.

Question 2

What’s altruistic?

Answer 2

Assisting others with nothing expected in return, no reward, sometimes at a cost to the helper

Question 3

What’s immediate?

Answer 3

It may be an automatic response or deliberate and can occur over time.

Question 4

Why help others?

Answer 4

Biological, i.e:- genetic-see parents helping (nature)
Environmental, i.e:-we learn it from watching others (nurture)
Combination-both nature and nurture

Question 5

What are some influences on the likelihood of people engaging in pro-social behaviour?

Answer 5

The situation, social norms, personal characteristics of the helper and altruism.

Question 6

What situations will someone help?

Answer 6

If a situation is a clear cut need for help, it is more likely that people will assist. If the situation is open to many, then help might not happen.

Question 7

What are emergency situations?

Answer 7

A flash flood, car accident, explosion, heart attack or mugging.

Question 8

What are non-emergency situations?

Answer 8

Ongoing illness, disability or poverty

Question 9

What’s the bystander effect?

Answer 9

Is where a bystander is more likely to help others in an emergency when he or she is alone than when there are other bystanders around

Question 10

What’s bystander intervention?

Answer 10

is where a person voluntarily helps someone else

Question 11

What’s The decision-stage model of helping?

Answer 11

Is a model of the situational influences on bystander intervention.It says that when confronted with a situation that might require their assistance, potential helpers go through five stages in deciding to help.

Question 12

What are the five stages of the decision stage model?

Answer 12

1. Noticing the need for help
2. Deciding that it is an emergency
   3.Deciding to take responsibility
3. Deciding on a way to help
4. Taking action to help.

Question 13

what happens if a bystander stops at one of the stages of the decision-stage model?

Answer 13

Assistance is not provided

Question 14

What is a norm?

Answer 14

A form of action or behaviour that is standardised and expected in society. Norms are learned, and they provide a background for human social interaction

Question 15

What are the two norms that are influential in pro-social behaviour?

Answer 15

It is reciprocity principle and the social responsibility norm.

Question 16

What is the reciprocity principle?

Answer 16

the social expectation that you will respond in kind to someone who has helped you or done you a favour

Question 17

What is the social responsibility norm?

Answer 17

the expectation that members of a society will provide help to people who are dependent or in need, without the expectation of favours being returned

Question 18

What is empathy?

Answer 18

Is our first emotional response to another person’s distress. Empathy causes pro-social behaviour:

• arousal: bystanders assisting those in need out of selfishness
• similarity: perceive those in need to be similar to ourselves
• Some helpers genuinely feel sad for the victim

Question 19

Influence of mood on pro-social behaviour

Answer 19

A person’s mood has been found to influence their natural tendency to behave in pro-social ways. Generally, people who are in a good mood are more likely to demonstrate pro- social behaviour than people who are in a bad mood

Question 20

What is the influence of competence on pro-social behaviour?

Answer 20

The way bystanders perceive their competence to deal with an emergency will influence whether they will provide help.

Question 21

What is the influence of altruism on pro-social behaviour?

Answer 21

Altruism is a unique influence on pro-social behaviour where, for no personal gain and sometimes at great personal cost, a person helps others due to a deeply felt concern for fellow human beings.

Question 22

What are the factors influencing non-helping behaviour?

Answer 22

Includes the situation and the bystander effect.

Question 23

What is the situation factor on non pro-helping behaviour?

Answer 23

Just as a situation influences whether a person will behave in a helping way, it is also a factor that can influence reluctance to help.

Question 24

What is the bystander effect on non-helping behaviour?

Answer 24

where the likelihood of bystanders helping is influenced by the number of bystanders present at the scene – the more bystanders there are, the less likely it is that one of them will provide help.

Question 25

What is bullying?

Answer 25

form of aggressive behaviour where one person intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. The victim has di culty defending him/herself and has done nothing to ‘cause’ the bullying behaviour of the other.

Question 26

How can bullying be perpetrated?

Answer 26

Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. It can be overt, emotional or subtle, or all of these

Question 27

What is cyber bullying?

Answer 27

sending of hurtful or threatening messages via the internet. It also refers to the spreading of rumours or posting embarrassing photos of others via the internet. It can cause the victim to experience social problems and the feeling of being harassed, afraid, anxious, or depressed.

Question 28

What are the effects of bullying on an individual’s psychological functioning?

Answer 28

Victims of bullying are often at risk of anxiety, stress, and even suicide. They may experience loneliness, depression, panic attacks or low self-esteem. The effects of bullying can have long-term costs for the victims and, where bullying has occurred, it is vital that it is addressed and steps taken to provide support for the victim.

Question 29

What is the bystander effect influenced by?

Answer 29

Factors including, the situation, the number of bystanders, social influence, audience inhibition, proximity, the characteristics of the victim, and the characteristics of the bystander.

Question 30

What will an individual possibly do when engaging in a pro-social behaviour?

Answer 30

An individual is likely to combine cognitive processes and physiological arousal levels in a cost–benefit analysis of whether to engage in pro-social behaviour.